Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire

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The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) was developed in 1973 by the British psychologist David Marks.^[1] The VVIQ consists of 16 items in four groups of 4 items in which the participant is invited to consider the mental image formed in thinking about specific scenes and situations. The vividness of the image is rated along a 5-point scale. The questionnaire has been widely used as a measure of individual differences in vividness of visual imagery. The large body of evidence confirms that the VVIQ is a valid and reliable psychometric measure of visual image vividness.

In 1995 Marks published a new version of the VVIQ, the VVIQ2.^[2] This questionnaire consists of twice the number of items and reverses the rating scale so that higher scores reflect higher vividness. More recently, Campos and Pérez-Fabello evaluated the reliability and construct validity of the VVIQ and the VVIQ2.^[3] Cronbach's ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ reliabilities for both the VVIQ and the VVIQ-2 were found to be high. Estimates of internal consistency reliability and construct validity were found to be similar for the two versions.