Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong

Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong
Part of the Nanjing decade

Zhang Zongchang, instigator and leader of the rebellion
DateJanuary–May 1929
Location
Northeastern Shandong, Republic of China
Result Government victory; warlord forces dispersed or destroyed
Belligerents

Republic of China

Self-defense groups:
Red Spear Society
White Spear Society		 Warlord alliance
Supported by:
 Japan (suspected)[1]
Commanders and leaders
Liu Zhennian Zhang Zongchang
Chu Yupu (POW)
Huang Feng-chi
Sun Dianying
Li Hsi Tung[2]
Units involved

National Revolutionary Army (NRA)

Warlord armies

Strength
c. 20,000 (January)[7]
c. 7,000 (late February)[8]		 c. 3,000 (January)[9]
27,000+ (late February)[5]
1,000[10]–4,500 (May)[11]
Casualties and losses
1,500+ killed,[4] thousands deserted or defected[2] Thousands killed; the rest deserted[1][12]
Thousands of civilians killed[4]

The Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong[13] was an uprising of several allied Chinese warlord armies under the leadership of Zhang Zongchang in 1929. The rebels wanted to regain their former territories in Shandong from Liu Zhennian, the man who had defected from Zhang to the Nationalist government in Nanjing during the Northern Expedition. After some initial successes, the rebels were defeated due to the indiscipline of their forces. In the end, the uprising failed to topple Liu Zhennian's rule over eastern Shandong, but resulted in high civilian casualties and widespread destruction at the hands of both sides in the conflict.

  1. ^ a b Jowett (2017), pp. 197, 198.
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference looting was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Fuller (1943), pp. 140–141.
  4. ^ a b c d Jowett (2017), pp. 196–200.
  5. ^ a b Jowett (2017), p. 196.
  6. ^ Jowett 2014, p. 31.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference miner was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Jowett (2017), pp. 196–198.
  9. ^ Powell (1929), p. 519.
  10. ^ Fuller (1943), p. 157.
  11. ^ Jowett (2017), pp. 199, 200.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference heavy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Jowett (2017), p. 195.