White Hispanic and Latino Americans

"Euro-Latino" redirects here. For Latin American people of European ancestry, see White Latin Americans.

White Hispanic and Latino Americans
Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos blancos
Total population
12,579,626 (white alone)
20.3% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans and 3.8% of the U.S. population
31,521,221 (white alone or in combination)
50.8% of all Latino Americans and 9.6% of the U.S. population[1][2] (2020)
Regions with significant populations
Nationwide, concentrated in Southwest
 Texas3,024,768
26.4% of Hispanics and Latinos
10.4% of total population[3]
 California2,581,535
16.6% of Hispanics and Latinos
6.5% of total population[4]
 Florida1,322,458
23.2% of Hispanics and Latinos
6.1% of total population[5]
 New Mexico305,985
30.3% of Hispanics and Latinos
14.5% of total population[6]
Languages
English, Spanish, Portuguese, Spanglish, Porglish[citation needed]
Religion
Roman Catholicism, sizeable Protestantism
 • Minority: Judaism[citation needed]
Related ethnic groups
White Latin Americans, White Americans, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Spanish Americans, Portuguese Americans, Italian Americans, French Americans, Romanian Americans
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White Hispanic and Latino Americans, also called Euro-Hispanics,[7] Euro-Latinos,[8] White Hispanics,[9] or White Latinos,[10] are Americans of white ancestry and ancestry from Latin America. It also refers to people of European ancestry from Latin America that speak Spanish or Portuguese natively and immigrated to the United States.[11][12][13]

Based on the definitions created by the Office of Management and Budget and the US Census Bureau, the concepts of race and ethnicity are mutually independent. For the Census Bureau, ethnicity distinguishes between those who report ancestral or cultural origins in Spain or Latin America (Hispanic and Latino Americans), and those who do not (non-Hispanic Americans).[12][13][14] From 1850 to 1920, Mexicans in the United States were generally classified as white by the U.S. census.[15] In 1930, "Mexican" was officially added as a racial category on the United States census but was soon after removed due to political pressure from the Mexican consul general in New York, the Mexican ambassador in Washington, the Mexican government itself, Mexican Americans, and the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) who protested the exclusion of mixed-race Latinos in comparison to White Latinos or Euro-Latinos from whiteness.[15] In 1970, a 5 percent sample of the census was asked if their "origin or descent" was Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or Other Spanish.[15] In 1980, the full population was asked about "Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent" identifying three nationalities ("Mexican, Mexican-American, Chicano").[15] Thereafter "Latino" was classified solely as an ethnicity separate from race.[16] In 2000, the US Census Bureau allowed persons to check multiple race identifiers.[17]

As of 2020, 62 million or 18.7% of residents of the United States of America identified as Hispanic or Latino of which 12.5 million or 20.3% self-identified as white alone[18] down from the 2019 American Community Survey when 38.3 million, or 65.5% of Latinos self-identified as white.[19]

  1. ^ "Table 4. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race: 2010 and 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  2. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  3. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  4. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  5. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  6. ^ "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  7. ^ Rosabeth Moss Kanter (1995). World Class: Thriving Locally in the Global Economy. Simon & Schuster. p. 316. Some Cubans divide Hispanics into groups not only by country, but also by skin tone—Euro-Hispanics, Afro-Hispanics, and Indo-Hispanics. The black community is similarly split.
  8. ^ Various (2001). "Introduction". In Agustín Laó-Montes and Arlene Dávila (ed.). Mambo Montage: The Latinization of New York City. Columbia University Press. p. 10. For instance, in the global chain of otherness, upper-class Euro-Latinos can be located...
  9. ^ Elizabeth M. Grieco (2010). White Population: 2000: Census 2000 Brief. DIANE Publishing Company. p. 8. Among White Hispanics who reported more than one race, the majority indicated they were "White and Some other race" (80 percent), followed by "White and American Indian and Alaska Native" (6 percent)...
  10. ^ Wendy D. Roth (2012). Race Migrations: Latinos and the Cultural Transformation of Race. Stanford University Press. p. 7. While some assimilated White Latinos will join the privileged White group, most light-skinned Latinos will remain in an "honorary White" middle tier...
  11. ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  12. ^ a b Luis Fraga; John A. Garcia (2010). Latino Lives in America: Making It Home. Temple University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4399-0050-5.
  13. ^ a b Nancy L. Fisher (1996). Cultural and Ethnic Diversity: A Guide for Genetics Professionals. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8018-5346-3.
  14. ^ Robert H. Holden; Rina Villars (2012). Contemporary Latin America: 1970 to the Present. John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-118-27487-3.
  15. ^ a b c d Hochschild, Jennifer; Powell, Brenna (2008). "Racial Reorganization and the United States Census 1850–1930: Mulattoes, Half-Breeds, Mixed Parentage, Hindoos, and the Mexican Race". Studies in American Political Development. 22 (1): 59–96. doi:10.1017/S0898588X08000047. S2CID 146658895.
  16. ^ "Race/Ethnicity and the 2020 Census".
  17. ^ Brown, Anna (February 25, 2020). "The changing categories the U.S. census has used to measure race". Pew Research Center.
  18. ^ "Table 4. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race: 2010 and 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  19. ^ "2019 American Community Survey". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 6, 2021.