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October 3
The paintings listed as National Treasures of Japan are from the 8th-century Classical Nara period to the early modern 19th-century Edo period. The term "National Treasure" has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897. The definition and the criteria have changed since the inception of the term. These paintings adhere to the current definition, and were designated national treasures when the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was implemented on June 9, 1951. As such, they are restricted in transfer and may not be exported. Owners are required to announce any changes to the National Treasures such as damage or loss and need to obtain a permit for changes in location, transfer of ownership or intended repairs. The number of paintings included is more than 159, because in some cases groups of related paintings are combined to form a single entry. The paintings listed show Buddhist themes, landscapes, portraits and court scenes. Some of the paintings were imported directly from China. (Full list...)
October 7
Following the trial of Charles I in January 1649, 59 commissioners (judges) signed his death warrant. They, along with the several key associates and numerous court officials, were the subject of punishment following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 with the coronation of Charles II. Charles I's trial and execution had followed the English Civil War (1642–51) in which his supporters, Royalist "Cavaliers", were opposed by the Parliamentarian "Roundheads", led by Oliver Cromwell. With the return of Charles II, Parliament passed the Indemnity and Oblivion Act (1660), which granted amnesty to many of Cromwell's supporters. Of those who had been involved in the trial and execution, 104 were specifically excluded from reprieve, although 24 had already died, including Cromwell, John Bradshaw (the judge who was president of the court) and Henry Ireton (a general in the Parliamentary army and Cromwell's son-in-law). (Full list...)
October 10
Specific terms are used to describe anatomical motion, the process of movement of the human body. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the joints. Anatomists use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing the uniqueness of the movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. Flexion and extension are examples of angular motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. Rotational motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as internal or external. Other terms, such as elevation and depression, refer to movement above or below the horizontal plane. Many anatomical terms derive from Latin terms with the same meaning. (Full list...)
October 14
The professional wrestling CMLL World Welterweight Championship has been held by 20 different champions since its creation in 1992. The championship is promoted by the Mexican Lucha Libre promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), based in Mexico City. The official definition of the Welterweight class in Mexico is between 70 kg (150 lb) and 78 kg (172 lb). Fuerza Guerrera was the first champion, having defeated El Khalifa in the finals of a four-man tournament in February 1992. Guerrera also held the championship for the shortest time, 22 days. Mephisto is the current champion; he is on his second reign as CMLL World Welterweight Champion, and is the 32nd overall champion having defeated Máscara Dorada (pictured) in May 2016. Mephisto holds the record for longest individual title reign, at 1,141 days for his first reign, as well as the longest combined reigns at 4,263 and counting. (Full list...)
October 17
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English singer-songwriter Adele has recorded numerous songs. After signing a contract with record label XL Recordings in September 2006, Adele began to work on her debut studio album, 19, which was ultimately released in 2008. The first single released from 19 was "Chasing Pavements", which Adele wrote in collaboration with Eg White. They co-wrote two other songs for the album: "Melt My Heart to Stone" and "Tired". Adele released her second studio album, 21, in 2011. In addition to reuniting with writers with whom she had previously worked, the singer collaborated with several new writers and producers. The album's lead single, "Rolling in the Deep", was co-written by Adele and Paul Epworth. Adele collaborated with Dan Wilson on the album's second single, "Someone Like You". Adele released "Skyfall" in October 2012, a song co-written with Epworth for the James Bond film of the same name. Her third album, 25, was released in 2015. Adele co-wrote its songs "I Miss You" and "Sweetest Devotion" with Epworth and co-wrote "Hello", "Million Years Ago", and "Water Under the Bridge" with Greg Kurstin. (Full list...)
October 21
Frozen garnered a variety of awards and nominations, many of them in the Best Original Song and Best Animated Feature categories. Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee, the latter of whom also wrote the screenplay, and was produced by Peter Del Vecho. At the 71st Golden Globe Awards, the film earned two nominations, winning for Best Animated Feature Film. The film went on to win five Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature. Frozen became the first film by Walt Disney Animation Studios to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, and won the Best Original Song award for "Let It Go". Frozen also won the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for both Best Animated Feature and Best Song. At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, the Frozen soundtrack won the award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media and "Let It Go" won the award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. (Full list...)
October 24
The 1972 Atlantic hurricane season is one of five Atlantic hurricane seasons not to have any major hurricanes. During the season, seven tropical or subtropical depressions formed, all of which became tropical or subtropical storms or hurricanes. The season officially began on June 1, 1972 and ended on November 30. The first storm of the season, Subtropical Storm Alpha, formed on May 23, before the season began. The final storm of the season, Subtropical Storm Delta, dissipated on November 7. Of the seven tropical cyclones, three were subtropical storms, and four were tropical. Three became hurricanes; none of these reached Category 3 intensity or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Although it was an inactive season, 1972 brought one of the deadliest and most expensive hurricanes to strike the United States, Hurricane Agnes (pictured). Agnes was a weak but large storm that made landfall at the Florida panhandle and then followed the east coast northward. It killed 122 people and caused $2.1 billion (1972 dollars) in damage, mostly due to flooding in Pennsylvania and New York. (Full list...)
October 28
Manitoba's 137 municipalities cover 20% of the Canadian province's land mass yet are home to 94% of its population. Manitoba is the fifth most populous province in Canada with 1,208,268 residents as of 2011 and is the sixth largest in land area at approximately 552,000 km2 (213,000 sq mi). A municipality in Manitoba is "a municipality that is continued or formed under" the Municipal Act, which was enacted in 1996. These municipalities provide local government services to their residents. The Local Government Districts Act, enacted in 1987, allows the formation of local government districts as another municipality type. Of the 137 municipalities, 37 are urban municipalities (10 cities, 25 towns and 2 villages), 98 are rural municipalities and 2 are local government districts. Over half of Manitoba's population resides in the City of Winnipeg (Manitoba Legislature pictured), the provincial capital, with a population of 663,617. Manitoba's first municipality was the Rural Municipality of Springfield (originally Springfield-Sunnyside). Winnipeg was incorporated as a city a few weeks later, on November 8, 1873. (Full list...)
October 31
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As of September 2016, 206 international cricket centuries have been scored at the Adelaide Oval. The Adelaide Oval is a cricket ground in Adelaide, Australia. It is the home ground of the South Australia cricket team and both the men's and women's Adelaide Strikers as well as Australian rules football and soccer teams. The first century at the Adelaide Oval was scored by Australian Percy McDonnell. He made 124 runs during the first Test of the 1884–85 English tour of Australia in the first ever Test match at the Adelaide Oval. The first overseas player to score a century at the ground was Englishman Billy Barnes, who made 134 in the same match in which McDonnell made his century. Australian Don Bradman's 299 not out, against South Africa in early 1932, is the highest individual score by a batsman at the ground. Australia's Michael Clarke has scored the most centuries at the venue with seven. As of September 2016, 176 Test centuries have been scored at the stadium. England's David Gower was the first player to score an One Day International (ODI) century at the ground. He made 109 against New Zealand during the 1982–83 Australian Tri-Series. Graeme Wood became the first Australian to score a ODI century at the Adelaide Oval when he scored 104 not out against the West Indies in January 1985. (Full list...)