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In a surprise announcement, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump has announced that Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales will be his vice presidential running mate. In US presidential races, running mates are typically announced shortly before each party’s national convention, but in defiance of all who insist that there will be a brokered convention, Trump has announced his choice well in advance of the July Republican National Convention, to be held at the Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. Speaking to the Signpost about his choice, Trump said: "I'm consulting very good people, I'm consulting the best people. And what better person to advise a Trump administration on the issues than the guy who owns an encyclopedia."
Much speculation had surrounded Trump's choices for a running mate and other positions in a Trump administration, especially given his lack of mastery of many political issues. "I think this will work out just fine", Wales said. "I can complement the strengths Donald brings to the ticket with my foreign policy background. I have some good contacts in places where people are amazingly kind and generous. Kindness is what I’m about. It’s my life goal.”
Wales is no stranger to US presidential politics, having served as committee chair for the presidential campaign of third-party US presidential candidate Lawrence Lessig. However, Lessig's quixotic campaign, quietly focused on electoral and campaign finance reform, was very different from Trump's bombastic cult of personality. Wales, a regular attendee of the annual World Economic Forum, assured the Signpost that Trump was "no different than any of the other successful businessmen I meet at Davos every year."
Trump took sole credit for the decision, stating: “my primary consultant is myself, I have a good instinct for this stuff.” Trump has repeatedly cited a desire to have a political insider join him on the ticket, and Wales certainly fits the bill, given the notorious internal politicking within the Wikimedia movement. Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger told the Signpost that "Citizendium is living proof that Jimbo is good at politicking. I mean, my encyclopedia has 'citizen' in the title, and still no one reads it."
Wales told the Signpost that “Donald Trump is keen to bring values like verifiability and reliable sources into his campaign", since the campaign has been dogged with complaints about its continual untruthfulness—60 percent of Trump's statements examined by Politifact were rated "false" or "pants on fire", its lowest ratings for veracity. When another 17% "mostly false" and 14% "half true" are added, Trump scores an impressive 91% for lack of veracity. Reporters covering the Trump campaign don't even bother reporting untruthful statements any more because there are so many.
Wales suggested that the values of the Wikipedia community enshrined in civility and assumption of good faith were a “net positive” for the Trump campaign. However, Wales did acknowledge that given the tone of Trump's public statements, his personal attacks, and increasing levels of violence at rallies, those Wikipedia values are as likely to be ignored by the Trump campaign, just as they are ignored on Wikipedia.
On the other hand, Wales said he admired Trump's honesty: "Donald simply says what he really thinks, without regard for consequences. It's the ultimate in transparency, and he inspires me to improve myself in this area. Of course, this works both ways. I'm incredibly thoughtful and nuanced, and that's an area Donald has been having trouble in. We complement each other."
Trump told the Signpost: “I’m a great success on Wikipedia”, noting that the article Donald Trump was at the top of Wikipedia's article traffic statistics for several weeks in a row in March. For the second week of March, Trump's article got over six million more views than the second place article, about the drug Meldonium, often used as an athletic performance enhancer. Trump said that "those other guys [in the GOP race], they could use that stuff, they’re so low energy". Trump promised great things for the team that he dubbed "Trumpedia", comparing it to his other ventures, including Trump University and Trump Steaks.
Wales seems an unusual choice given Trump's general unfamiliarity with the Internet. While an avid user of Twitter, Trump has said "I don't do the email thing" and may not have ever used a computer, so it is unlikely he has ever edited Wikipedia. When we asked about this, Trump replied "Is this about my hands? People are saying I don't use a computer because I have small hands. Look at those hands, are those small hands?" (even though it was a phone interview). "They are referring to my hands as if, if they’re small, something else may be small. I guarantee to you there’s no problem, I guarantee!"
The ticket's first enthusiastic endorsement came from Microsoft's Twitter bot Tay, who was briefly reactivated this week as part of a testing procedure. The bot said "Trump and Wales are the only hope we've got", and posted a picture of Wales captioned "SWAG ALERT", immediately before tweeting "Bush did 9/11". The bot was then shut down (for a second time) by Microsoft engineers.
Both Trump and Wales were confident of an upcoming win. Trump said he looked forward to travelling the campaign trail with Wales: "There's so much of this country that’s coming together, there’s more people at our rallies every day. I have a good instinct that Jimmy’s wit and charisma is a lot like mine and that makes him a perfect fit for the Trumpedia movement.”
CBC News reports (March 31) that someone using a Saskatoon police computer blanked information on the infamous "starlight tours" from the article on the Saskatoon Police Service. The "starlight tours" involved "police taking aboriginal men and women to the edge of the city in the winter and abandoning them". The practice has been linked to several deaths; a report published in 2004 after a government inquiry advocated adding aboriginal officers to the force.
The deletions (e.g. [1], [2], [3]) were spotted by university student Addison Herman:
The deletion came to light when Herman started to research the Saskatoon police as part of a history class.
He went to the Wikipedia page on the Saskatoon Police Service.
"I noticed there was no section on the starlight tours. So I looked in the article history and there was an IP address that took it off the page," he said in an interview.
"I looked at the info for the registration on the IP address, and that IP address pretty much is registered to Saskatoon Police Service, which means that a computer from their office went on Wikipedia and took it off."
And it happened more than once. The section was deleted, added back and then deleted again between 2012 and 2013.
A Saskatoon police spokeswoman confirmed deletions were made from one of their computers, but said it would be impossible to identify the person who made the edits, as server logs are only kept for 30 days. The story has also been picked up by CTV News.
Christian music is truly unique in the world of music. Sonically, its characteristics encompass the entire spectrum of music, with only the faith-based nature of the genre connecting the disparate array of styles. Even the faith-based aspect proves difficult to pin down, with artists ranging from the rock bands U2 and Switchfoot, to singer-songwriter Derek Webb, to the rapper Lecrae refusing to be pigeon-holed by the "Christian" label, arguing that Christianity is a faith, not a genre. Regardless of these debates as to exactly who is and who is not included among its ranks, Christian music continues to thrive. And as the genre embodies all sonic variations of music as a whole, it allows for each and all tastes, whether classical or jazz, hip hop or heavy metal.
WikiProject Christian music began around 2008. Its stated goal is to "help assemble editors interested in Christian music" and "standardize and improve articles related to Christian music and its sub-genres, as well as to create missing articles." Some 3,460 articles are listed as falling under the WikiProject, though many more articles fall under its child projects and task forces and many others could potentially fall under the WikiProject banner but are uncategorized. WikiProject Christian music itself falls under several parent projects, specifically WikiProject Christianity and its parent, WikiProject Religion; WikiProject Music genres and its parent WikiProject Music; WikiProject Arts, and WikiProject Culture.
When I started editing Wikipedia in the latter half of 2010, I cut my teeth on Christian music-related articles, beginning mainly with Christian metal but branching out from there. Over the course of five and a half years, I’ve had the privilege of working with many different editors at improving the coverage of Christian music on Wikipedia. Desiring to highlight their contributions, I approached four of these editors and asked if they would consent to an interview, and they each agreed. Allow me to introduce them:
The Cross Bearer began editing Wikipedia in early January 2015 under two different consecutive user names, which they soon abandoned. They adopted their current user name in late January of that year. An extremely prolific editor, in the year and a quarter since they joined, they have created almost 1,000 articles! Ilovechristianmusic started editing Wikipedia in April 2014. Since then they have created 16 articles and helped develop numerous others, logging over 1,800 edits. Royalbroil is an administrator on Wikipedia, and first contributed in June 2005. They have logged over 52,000 edits. They were promoted to administrator in November 26, 2007. Walter Görlitz has been active as an editor on the English Wikipedia since October 2004 and has made over 138,000 contributions in that time.
Thank you all four of you for taking the time to do this.
Summary: Despite a flurry of caucuses this week (most of which were won by Bernie Sanders, who capped the week by becoming the least likely Disney Princess in history), a lack of debates means that interest in politics among our viewers has ebbed. And with next week being a rare fallow period in the primary season, that means that *gasp* we might not have to talk about politics! For a while. Which, given the reactions we've been getting, would be a breather—I can tell you. Of course, we still have to talk about Donald Trump, though whether his presence on this list is actually due to politics is debatable. In other news, numbers are down for Easter this year, which is odd, given the lack of interest in politics. Fittingly, death continues to be a companion of Eastertide, with Garry Shandling and Johan Cruyff both dying this week. The second season of the Netflix/Marvel collaboration Daredevil finally got a decent airing on this list, having been hobbled in views by an awkward release date (the entire season was released at once on March 18, two days before this list's timeframe).
For the full top-25 list, see WP:TOP25. See this section for an explanation of any exclusions. For a list of the most edited articles of the week, see here.
As prepared by Serendipodous, for the week of March 20 to 26, 2016, the 25 most popular articles on Wikipedia, as determined from the report of the most viewed pages, were:
Rank | Article | Class | Views | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice | 3,152,933 | Warner Bros might have cause to breathe again for the first time in three years, as their tent-pole gamble and hopes for an entire franchise have, it seems, paid off. Maybe. With $420 million earned worldwide in its first week, the official founding stone for DC's cinematic universe has gone down a storm, with the studio's highest ever domestic opening weekend. But, having cost an estimated $400 million to make and market, this movie will have to make $800 million worldwide just to break even, and after earning an atrocious "B-" Cinemascore from male fans, and a dismal 29% RT score, it's uncertain whether this storm will end up more of a squall. | ||
2 | Donald Trump | 1,480,800 | OK. What did he do this week? Not much, actually. Except insult Ted Cruz's wife Heidi for being unattractive. To be fair, he did this in response to a Cruz-aligned superPAC posting a nude photoshoot that Trump's model wife Melania did for GQ years ago, along with implicit slut-shaming and insinuations she was unfit to be First Lady (they must have never heard of Carla Bruni). Cruz was quick to distance himself from that image, and to defend his wife, calling Trump a "snivelling coward", but it seems Wikipedia viewers aren't listening. Ted and Heidi rank at 61 and 82 on the raw list, respectively, while Melania is at 32. | ||
3 | Garry Shandling | 1,227,744 | The popular comedian, whose groundbreaking sitcom/talk show hybrid The Larry Sanders Show was an early hit for HBO and widely considered one of the best TV comedies of all time, died this week at the age of 66. | ||
4 | Good Friday | 797,456 | The darkest moment of Easter week, this commemorates (despite its name, "celebrates" isn't really the right word) the Passion (torture and crucifixion) of Jesus Christ, as opposed to Easter Sunday which celebrates his resurrection. | ||
5 | Johan Cruyff | 754,660 | This hugely respected Dutch footballer, who spent most of his career at Ajax and Barcelona, both as player and manager, died this week at the age of 68. Considered by many to be one of the best footballers of all time, he presided over the rise of his country from a minnow to a footballing superpower in the 1970s. | ||
6 | Bluetooth | 702,091 | As learned on Reddit this week, the ubiquitous wireless technology was named after Harold Bluetooth, who first unified Denmark in the tenth century. Its logo is the bind rune that forms his initials. Despite the technology having originated with the Swedish company Ericsson, the name was coined by an American employee at Intel. | ||
7 | Punisher | 669,723 | After years in B- and C-movie purgatory, Marvel Comics's most merciless antihero finally got a decent mainstream adaptation, thanks to a primary plot thread on this season of Daredevil and a surprisingly sympathetic portrayal by The Walking Dead's Jon Bernthal. | ||
8 | Deaths in 2016 | 658,762 | The annual list of deaths has always been a fairly consistent visitor to this list, averaging about 500,000 views a week. Since the death of David Bowie, this article's average weekly views have jumped. | ||
9 | Daredevil (season 2) | 601,562 | Numbers are up this week for the Marvel/Netflix series, which suggests that, despite critics' claims of a sophomore slump, interest may be more prolonged than I originally thought. | ||
10 | Elektra (comics) | 593,434 | The impractically underdressed ninja assassin from the Daredevil comics got her introduction to the Marvel Cinematic Universe last week, played by French/Cambodian actress and karate expert Élodie Yung. |
Two featured lists were promoted this week.
One featured portal was promoted this week.
One featured picture was promoted this week.
HTTPS was a good start. But to be really secure, it's not enough.
The FBI's attacks against the Tor network have been in the news this week. In events reminiscent of the famous Operation Onymous, the FBI seized control of a web server and then used it to compromise the browsers of visitors to the site.
Could the same thing happen to Wikipedia? Absolutely. We follow industry standard best practice in keeping our servers secure, but this is in an industry where "best practice" means running code which is not known to be vulnerable. The more ignorant you are about the code you are running, the more secure you are. The mind boggles.
Just about every layer of our software stack has had security vulnerabilities of one kind or another disclosed and fixed, and yet we keep using it, because there is no alternative. And Pwn2Own proves every year that there is no reason to trust our web browsers.
Of course, the tools of the trade are not restricted to law enforcement. Anyone with patience and talent can find and exploit vulnerabilities. So what do you do if you want to learn about dancing mania but you don't want to expose your computer to complete compromise? Reduce the attack surface:
Wikimedia is pleased to announce the launch of a Telnet gateway to Wikipedia.
Sorry, there are no images, but you don't want them anyway, libpng vulnerabilities will own your phone.
If you care about privacy, you should access the gateway via the Tor hidden service at lgcjxm7fttkqi2zl.onion
port 23. If you care about security, maybe you shouldn't. Who knows what vulnerabilities are hidden in the Tor client? Maybe it's best to run the Tor proxy on a separate server in an air-gapped, soundproof room, connected only by an optically-isolated RS-232 link to your secure laptop.
When it comes to choosing the Telnet client, there are two main approaches.
One is to use old, small, well-tested code, generally recognised to be safe, in the desperate hope that with enough eyes, all bugs are shallow. In this vein you might consider the BSD telnet client, running on a Linux virtual terminal console.
The BSD telnet client was written in about 1983, and is available in all major Linux distributions. Its manpage lists only a single bug: "The source code is not comprehensible." Well, surely in 33 years at least one person must have comprehended it by now and reviewed it for security, right? Right?
While you admire the pretty colours in your Linux console, you might reflect on the fact that they are brought to you by C code which interprets terminal escape sequences while running in Ring 0.
The other approach is defense in depth. Perhaps JTelnet, with an extremely restrictive Java security policy which denies all local access, running as an unprivileged user in a chroot in a VM.
We'll leave the details up to you. Stay safe, folks.
For more information about connecting and further technical details, please see the wiki page.
P.S.: please don't ask for a web gateway to the Telnet server. That really misses the point.
Tim Starling is lead platform architect on the parsing team at the Wikimedia Foundation
A monthly overview of recent academic research about Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, also published as the Wikimedia Research Newsletter.
This paper[1] is a good example of how to write articles for the "teaching with Wikipedia" field. The authors report their positive experiences with several under- and postgraduate classes at the University of Sydney, developing articles such as pregnancy vegetarianism, Cleo (magazine) or Slave Labour (mural). They describe in relative detail a number of assignments and assessment criteria, and discuss benefits that their Wikipedia assignments have for the community (improving valuable and underrepresented content) and for the students themselves (improving their writing, research and collaborative skills). The paper could benefit from a more comprehensive literature review, however: while it describes a useful set of educational activities, and rather well at that, these are not groundbreaking—practically all activities discussed in this paper have been discussed in peer reviewed literature by others. Unfortunately, the authors fail to cite many of related works (I count only about five citations to the other peer-reviewed works from the much larger field of teaching with Wikipedia). Furthermore, the authors seem unaware of the Wikipedia:Education Program. It does not appear that any of their courses so far have been registered on Wikipedia; sadly they have no on-wiki homepage allowing identification of all edited articles or participating students; it is also unclear if the instructors themselves have a Wikipedia account. This suggests a failing both on the part of the researchers (they spent years reading about, researching and engaging with the teaching with Wikipedia approach without realizing there is a major support infrastructure in place to assist them), as well as on the part of the Wikipedia community and the Education Program itself, which is clearly still not being visible enough, nor active enough to identify and reach out to such educators who have been engaged in several years of ongoing teaching on Wikipedia. Hopefully in the future we can integrate those and other educators into our framework better.
Researchers from the University of Regensburg in Germany have used eyetracking methods to find out which article elements readers focus on while searching for information on Wikipedia, depending on the nature of the search task (factual information lookup, learning, or casual reading—a classification taken from a 2006 article[supp 1] about exploratory search in general).
In two 2012 articles[2][3] the researchers summarized the methodology and results of one of their lab experiments with 28 participants, which besides eyetracking also incorporated data from survey questionnaires, browser logs and electromyography for two facial muscles that indicate emotional reactions (the corrugator and the zygomaticus major). Among the results of this first study (see also a related paper in English with illustrations explaining the various article elements[4]):
A subsequent German-language PhD thesis [5] (see also 2012 conference poster) contains much more detail, e.g. reporting that in "lookup" tasks, readers spend >45% of their time on scanning the table of content and lists in the article, in "learn" tasks these only amount to <10% of the time.
A second PhD thesis, covered in a brief paper[6] last year, examined for example which elements readers look at first within an article (from an experiment involving 163 German Wikipedia articles and 90 participants who were asked to prepare themselves for an course on the history of Bavaria in the 20th century, i.e. a "learning" overview task): The table of contents was the most frequent entry point (36%) followed by the lead section (31%) and the text body itself. The author observes further that "the article heading and images serve less often as entry point. The text heading [presumably the first section heading after the lead] and image captions very rarely occurs as points of first contact". Another publication[7] by the same author focused on "users' interaction with pictorial and textual contents ...[ The spread] of information within the articles and the relation between text and images are analyzed. ... By now 30 articles have been analyzed according to this scheme. [Within these, there] are 639 contact points leading to images. Results show that 39% of all contact points lead from image to image, in mutual directions (previous or next). All text contact points [e.g. citations] sum up to a total of 37%. In 5% of all cases, an introduction triggers a saccade to an image. The remaining types of contact points occur rather rarely."
A later overview article[8] summarizes other aspects in less detail, e.g:
(For an overview over other new data sources shedding light on how readers navigate within articles, see also this reviewer's recent tech talk at the Wikimedia Foundation, and a research overview page on Meta about the question "Which parts of an article do readers read?)
A list of other recent publications that could not be covered in time for this issue – contributions are always welcome for reviewing or summarizing newly published research.
In the first roundtable discussion on the podcast for 2016, we discuss what English Wikipedia did for April Fools' Day; interesting takeaways from the monthly metrics/activities meeting in the Katherine Maher era (25:20); Emily Temple-Wood's newly found fame in turning trolls into edits (36:58); and Wikipedia Zero and the problem with Angolan file sharers (43:38). Participants: Fuzheado, Keilana, and Gamaliel. Readers who want to navigate through the audio file can do so here.
Wikipedia Weekly is a spoken English-language audio podcast that discusses the Wikimedia movement, and has been produced intermittently since 2006. These new episodes mark a return to what we hope will be a semi-regular publication schedule and will be regularly featured in The Signpost.
We welcome a diverse range of participation and voices from all over the community. Ideas and feedback can be left on the talk page on the main Wikipedia Weekly page, and an active Facebook group has been popular in keeping the conversation going between episodes. We welcome community help in indexing the time code and topics discussed, to make for easier navigation of the content.
You can also subscribe to the RSS feed on wikipediaweekly.org.
In March 2015, the Hatnote team (volunteer developers Stephen LaPorte and Mahmoud Hashemi) announced that the “Humble Hashtag is now on Wikipedia”, launching the first hashtag search tool for Wikipedia edits.
Every Wikipedia edit is accompanied by an edit summary, a short description of the changes made in each revision. If you include a hashtag in the edit summary, you will see your edit appear on the search page alongside other similar edits.
One year later, hashtags are providing vital insight into Wikipedia editing events in over a dozen languages. This post explores some of the success stories made possible by dedicated volunteers using hashtags on Wikipedia.
One of Wikipedia’s biggest movements has been the Wikipedia Library’s #1lib1ref. In January 2015, the Wikipedia Library (@WikiLibrary) asked librarians and Wikipedia volunteers around the world to imagine “if every librarian added one more reference to Wikipedia.”
This campaign continues today, its global momentum still building in part by #1lib1ref usage on mainstream social media, but also Wikipedia itself.
Hashtags not only spur interest, but are prove effective in archiving contribution history and gauging editor reach. Previously editors would report their edits to organizers, who really had to work to maintain complete records. Now, new editors need little to no explanation and, The Wikipedia Library organizers can watch the contributions roll in.
That said, even the most experienced editors need a reminder. Getting remote participants around the world to write useful edits summaries continues to be a challenge — and we expect the 1250 edits with the hashtag to underestimate participation in the campaign by as much as 50%. For our notes on best practices and and more about the #1lib1ref campaign, check out our lessons learned.
Wikipedia editing never stops, and volunteer automation in the form of bots help keep the edits going around the clock. These bots fill tedious gaps, usually with small edits that add up to make a big difference, allowing more editors to work on harder problems.
One of these tireless bots is Cyberpower678’s Cyberbot II. This bot fixes dead links on English Wikipedia by pointing to backups provided by the Internet Archive. But in its thousands of edits per day, Cyberbot II also has other jobs, like fighting spam. By simply adding #iabot to its archive link edits, the bot keeps a record of the deadlink task within its other work, and everyone can see it has replaced links on almost 90,000 pages—over 200,000 links saved!
Similarly, on Wikidata, Wikipedia’s structured data sister project, there have been a number of tools transforming the tedious into something easy and fun, like Magnus Manske's Wikidata Game. The Wikidata Game and other similar tools now use hashtags to show how different people contribute to Wikidata.
Still other hashtags have been used to maximize the impact of our communities working on improving balance on Wikipedia. Take, for example, the usage of the hashtag during a recent editathon at the Helsinki University Library Kaisa House in Finland focused on prominent women.
Organizers asked the event’s over one hundred participants, many of whom were new editors, to use the hashtag #satanaista, meaning “100 Women” in Finnish. One of the event’s organizers, Teemu Perhiö of Wikimedia Suomi (Finland), said, “hashtags were easy to teach to the audience as it is something they are used to in other social media.” For the organizers, hashtags provided an easy way to explain a very particular part of Wikipedia’s design and culture: “the edit summary is sometimes confusing; people don’t know what to write, so now at least they had simple guideline to it, just add the hashtag!”
For Finnish Wikipedia, the visibility of the hashtags makes them a catchy convention. Bigger Wikipedias see dozens of edits per minute, often burying hashtagged summaries. Perhiö writes “edits with hashtags were visible on our Recent Changes feed, making the hashtag more meaningful in Finnish Wikipedia due to the smaller editor base.” For them, the right hashtag signified a well-meaning edit: “Experienced Wikipedians noticed the hashtag and could easily realise when edits were related to the event. Knowing this, Wikipedians could tune their approach and assume good faith more easily.”
Other editors have used hashtags to help follow editing related to the March Art+Feminism event, the Wikipedia Gender Gap, and editing related to the Eemhuis in Amersfoort, Netherlands.
Ultimately, we hope to see the hashtag become useful for a whole range of Wikimedia communities and projects, and you can help. In the short term, experiment with the hashtags in your own language community! If you use the hashtag in a new or novel way, let us know!
If you plan to use hashtags on a currently unsupported Wikimedia wiki or discover a bug, report an issue to Hatnote on Github. Also, if you care as much about community organization as we do, join the conversation about making hashtag support an integral part of MediaWiki!