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Women have been serving in the military since the inception of organized warfare, in both combat and non-combat roles. Their inclusion in combat missions has increased in recent decades, often serving as pilots, mechanics, and infantry officers.
Since 1914,[1] women have been conscripted in greater numbers, filling a greater variety of roles in Western militaries. In the 1970s, most Western armies began allowing women to serve on active duty in all military branches.[2] In 2006, eight countries (China, Eritrea, Israel, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Peru, and Taiwan) conscripted women into military service.[3] In 2013, Norway became the first NATO country to draft women, as well as the first country in the world to conscript women on the same formal terms as men. Sweden followed in 2017, as did the Netherlands in 2018 (although in the Netherlands there is no active peacetime conscription).[4][5] Denmark announced in 2024 that women will be conscripted, starting in 2026.[6]
As of 2022, only three countries conscripted women and men on the same formal conditions: Norway, Sweden,[5] and the Netherlands.[7][8] Denmark has plans to start conscripting women in 2026.[6] A few other countries have laws allowing for the conscription of women into their armed forces, though with some differences such as service exemptions, length of service, and more.[9]
- ^ "Women Warriors: The ongoing story of integrating and diversifying the American armed forces". Brookings. 2020-05-07. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^ Carreiras, Helena (2006). Gender and the military: women in the armed forces of western democracies. New York: Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-38358-5.
- ^ "Women in the military — international". www.cbc.ca. 30 May 2006. Retrieved 17 Nov 2017.
- ^ "Norway becomes first NATO country to draft women into military". Reuters. Reuters Staff. 14 June 2013. Retrieved 17 Nov 2017.
- ^ a b Persson, Alma; Sundevall, Fia (2019-03-22). "Conscripting women: gender, soldiering, and military service in Sweden 1965–2018". Women's History Review. 28 (7): 1039–1056. doi:10.1080/09612025.2019.1596542. ISSN 0961-2025.
- ^ a b "Regeringen vil udvide og ligestille værnepligten". Forsvarsministeriet. March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
- ^ Darroch, Gordon (2018-10-03). "Girls to be included in military service register from next year". DutchNews.nl. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
- ^ Sanou, Hanneke (2022-04-08). "Defense ministry is looking into Scandinavian style conscription". DutchNews.nl. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
- ^ "INDEPTH: FEMALE SOLDIERS – Women in the military — international". CBC News. May 30, 2006. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015.