X-ray fluorescence

A Philips PW1606 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with automated sample feed in a cement plant quality control laboratory
XRF scanning of the Rembrandt-painting Syndics of the Drapers' Guild.
A Helmut Fischer(company) X-ray fluorescence spectrometer which are used to check for metals coating thickness and any of potential contamination of unapproved RoHS materials
A handheld XRF analyzer gun.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science, archaeology and art objects[1] such as paintings.[2][3]

  1. ^ De Viguerie L, Sole VA, Walter P, Multilayers quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis applied to easel paintings, Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Dec; 395(7): 2015-20. doi:10.1007/s00216-009-2997-0
  2. ^ "X-Ray Fluorescence". ColourLex.
  3. ^ Pessanha, Sofia; Queralt, Ignasi; Carvalho, Maria Luísa; Sampaio, Jorge Miguel (1 October 2019). "Determination of gold leaf thickness using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: Accuracy comparison using analytical methodology and Monte Carlo simulations". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 152: 6–10. Bibcode:2019AppRI.152....6P. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.014. hdl:10261/206347. ISSN 0969-8043. PMID 31203095. S2CID 189944850.and murals