Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris


Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Xanthomonadales
Family: Xanthomonadaceae
Genus: Xanthomonas
Species: X. campestris
Pathovar: X. c.  pv. campestris
Trionomial name
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
(Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939
Type strain
NCPPB 528
Synonyms

Bacillus campestris Pammel (1895)
Pseudomonas campestris (Pammel) Smith (1897)
Bacterium campestris (Pammel) Chester (1897)
Phytomonas campestris (Pammel) Bergey (1923)
Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel) Dowson (1939)


Black rot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is considered the most important and most destructive disease of crucifers, infecting all cultivated varieties of brassicas worldwide.[1][2] This disease was first described by botanist and entomologist Harrison Garman in Lexington, Kentucky, US in 1889.[3] Since then, it has been found in nearly every country in which vegetable brassicas are commercially cultivated.[4]

Host infection by Xcc can occur at any stage of the plant life cycle. Characteristic symptoms of black rot caused by Xcc are V-shaped chlorotic to necrotic lesions extending from the leaf margins and blackening of vascular tissues.

The pathogen thrives in warm and humid climates and is rapidly disseminated in the field. Use of clean seed, crop rotation, and other cultural practices are the primary means of control of black rot. However, in developing countries such as those in South and Eastern Africa, black rot remains the greatest impediment to cabbage cultivation due to unreliable "clean" seed, multiple croppings annually, and high susceptibility of popular local cultivars to the disease.[5]

  1. ^ Alvarez AM. "Black rot of crucifers." In: Slusarenko AJ, Fraser RSS, van Loon LC (Eds.) Mechanisms of Resistance to Plant Diseases. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. pp 21-52.
  2. ^ Williams PH (1980). "Black rot: a continuing threat to world crucifers". Plant Disease. 64 (8): 736–742. doi:10.1094/pd-64-736.
  3. ^ Garman H (1890). "A bacterial disease of cabbage". Kentucky Agric Exp Stat Rep. 3: 43–46.
  4. ^ Chupp C. “Black rot of cabbage.” Manual of Vegetable Plant Diseases. New Delhi, India : Discovery Publishing House, 2006. p. 132-133.
  5. ^ Massomo SM, Mabagala RB, Swai IS, Hockenhull J, Mortensen CN (2004). "Evaluation of varietal resistance in cabbage against the black rot pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Tanzania". Crop Protection. 23 (4): 315–325. Bibcode:2004CrPro..23..315M. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2003.09.001.