Yakov Grot

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Yakov Karlovich Grot
Яков Карлович Грот
Grot in 1882
Born	(1812-12-27)27 December 1812 Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died	5 June 1893(1893-06-05) (aged 80) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Nationality	Russian
Citizenship	Russian Empire
Alma mater	Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
Occupation	Philologist
Employer	Petersburg Academy of Sciences

Yakov Karlovich Grot (Russian: Яков Карлович Грот; December 27 [O.S. December 15] 1812 – June 5 [O.S. May 24] 1893) was a Russian philologist of German extraction who worked at the University of Helsinki.

Grot was a graduate of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. In his lifetime, he gained fame for his translations of German and Scandinavian poetry, his work on the theory of Russian orthography, lexicography, and grammar, and his approach to literary editing and criticism, exemplified in a full edition of the works of Derzhavin (1864–1883). His Russian Orthography (1878, 1885) ("Русское правописание", Russkoye pravopisaniye) became the standard textbook of Russian spelling and punctuation until superseded by the decrees of 1917–1918, although his definition of the theoretical foundations remains little changed to this day. Shortly before his death, he assumed the compilation of the Academic Dictionary of Russian (1891–1923), which, although continued by Aleksey Shakhmatov, was never to be completed. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1858, its chairman from 1884, and its vice-president from 1889. He was appointed Russian-language tutor to the future tsars Alexander II and Alexander III.

His spelling primers "reduced words to historical hieroglyphs of a kind, mismatched with the living spoken language of most Russians"; later linguists like Baudouin de Courtenay and Filipp Fortunatov promoted reforms that would make spelling a better reflection of spoken language.^[1]