Yamatai

Yamatai
Yamatai-koku (邪馬台国)
c. 1st century–c. 3rd century
CapitalYamato
Common languagesProto-Japonic
GovernmentMonarchy
King/Queen 
• c. 180–c. 248 AD
Queen Himiko
• c. 248 AD
Unknown king
• c. 248–? AD
Queen Toyo
History 
• Established
c. 1st century
• Disestablished
c. 3rd century

Yamatai or Yamatai-koku (邪馬台国) (c. 1st century – c. 3rd century) is the Sino-Japanese name of an ancient country in Wa (Japan) during the late Yayoi period (c. 1,000 BCE – c. 300 CE). The Chinese text Records of the Three Kingdoms first recorded the name as /*ja-maB-də̂/ (邪馬臺)[1] or /*ja-maB-ʔit/ (邪馬壹) (using reconstructed Eastern Han Chinese pronunciations)[1][2] followed by the character 國 for "country", describing the place as the domain of Priest-Queen Himiko (卑弥呼) (died c. 248 CE). Generations of Japanese historians, linguists, and archeologists have debated where Yamatai was located and whether it was related to the later Yamato (大和国).[3][4][5]

  1. ^ a b Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" in Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Series: Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. 53 Ed. VanNess Simmons, Richard & Van Auken, Newell Ann. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. p. 255, 286
  2. ^ Schuessler, Axel (2009). Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. University of Hawaii Press. p. 298, 299
  3. ^ Sansom, George Bailey (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. pp. 14–16. ISBN 0-8047-0522-4. OCLC 36820223.
  4. ^ Delmer M. Brown, ed. (1988–1999). The Cambridge history of Japan. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-521-22352-0. OCLC 17483588.
  5. ^ Huffman, James L. (2010). Japan in world history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 6–11. ISBN 978-0-19-536808-6. OCLC 323161049.