Yettishar | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1864–1877 | |||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||
 Map of the Dungan Revolt | |||||||||
| Status | Vassal of the Ottoman Empire (1873–1877) | ||||||||
| Capital | Kashgar | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Islamic absolute monarchy | ||||||||
| Emir | |||||||||
• 1864–1865 | Ghazi Khatib Khoja[1] | ||||||||
• 1865–1877 | Yakub Beg | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 12 November 1864 | ||||||||
| 18 December 1877 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||||
| Yettishar | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghur name | |||||||
| Uyghur | يەتتەشەھەر خانلىقى | ||||||
| |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 哲德沙爾汗國 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 哲德沙尔汗国 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Chagatay name | |||||||
| Chagatay | یته شهر خانلیگی | ||||||
Yettishar[a] (Chagatai: یته شهر; Uyghur: يەتتەشەھەر; lit. 'Seven Cities' or 'Heptapolis'), also known as Kashgaria[4] or the Kashgar Emirate,[5] was a Turkic state in Xinjiang that existed from 1864 to 1877, during the Dungan Revolt against the Qing dynasty.[6][7] It was an Islamic monarchy ruled by Yakub Beg, a Kokandi who secured power in Kashgar (later made Yettishar's capital[8]) through a series of military and political manoeuvres.[4] Yettishar's eponymous seven cities were Kashgar, Khotan, Yarkand, Yengisar, Aksu, Kucha, and Korla.[9]
In 1873, the Ottoman Empire recognised Yettishar as a vassal state and Yakub Beg as its emir.[10]: 152–153 The Ottoman flag flew over Kashgar from 1873 to 1877.[5]
On 18 December 1877, the Qing army entered Kashgar and brought the state to an end.[7]
- ^ Sayrimi, Musa (2023). The Tarikh-i Hamidi. Columbia University Press. p. 111.
- ^ Klimeš, Ondřej (27 January 2015). Struggle by the Pen: The Uyghur Discourse of Nation and National Interest, c.1900–1949. Brill Publishers. p. 28. ISBN 978-90-04-28809-6.
... the region's name in original sources—Yette Sheher or Yettishahr (from Turkic and Persian, respectively, and meaning "Seven Cities" or "Heptapolis") ...
- ^ Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2007). Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia. Ashgate Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7546-7041-4.
- ^ a b "Yakub Beg: Tajik adventurer". Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 April 2024.
- ^ a b Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam (1997). Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road. Columbia University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-231-10787-7.
- ^ Alexandre Andreyev (2003). Soviet Russia and Tibet: The Debacle of Secret Diplomacy, 1918-1930s. Brill Publishers. p. 16. ISBN 9004129529 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b G. J. Alder (1963). British India's Northern Frontier 1865–95. Longmans Green. p. 67 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Samah Ibrahim (29 January 2019). "China's Uighur Strategy and South Asian Risk". Future Directions International. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
The creation of the Islamic State of Yettishar (1865–1878), with its capital at Kashgar, which is in present-day Xinjiang, came about as the result of a series of uprisings in Xinjiang.
- ^ Svat Soucek, A History of Inner Asia (Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 265.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
kimwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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