Yunnan
云南 | |
|---|---|
| Name transcription(s) | |
| • Chinese | 云南省 (Yúnnán Shěng) |
| • Nuosu | ꒊꆈ or ꒊꆈꌜ (Yypnuo or Yypnuose) |
| • Standard Zhuang | Yinznanz |
| • Abbreviation | YN / 滇 (Diān) or 云 (Yún) |
.svg) Location of Yunnan in China | |
| Coordinates: 25°02′58″N 102°42′32″E / 25.04944°N 102.70889°E | |
| Country | China |
| Kingdom of Nanzhao | 738 |
| Dachanghe | 902 |
| Ming conquest of Yunnan | 1381–1382 |
| Yunnan clique | 1915–1945 |
| Takeover by the People's Liberation Army | 1951 |
| Capital (and largest city) | Kunming |
| Divisions | 16 prefectures, 129 counties, 1565 townships |
| Government | |
| • Type | Province |
| • Body | Yunnan Provincial People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Wang Ning |
| • Congress chairman | Wang Ning |
| • Governor | Wang Yubo |
| • CPPCC chairman | Liu Xiaokai |
| • National People's Congress Representation | 90 deputies |
| Area | |
| • Total | 394,000 km2 (152,000 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 8th |
| Highest elevation | 6,740 m (22,110 ft) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
| • Total | 47,209,277 |
| • Rank | 12th |
| • Density | 120/km2 (310/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 24th |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups | |
| • Languages and dialects | |
| GDP (2023)[3] | |
| • Total | CN¥3,002 billion (US$426 billion; 18th) |
| • Per capita | CN¥64,107 (US$9,097; 23rd) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-YN |
| HDI (2022) | 0.729[4] (27th) – high |
| Website | www |
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| Yunnan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg) "Yunnan" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 云南 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 雲南 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "South of the colorful clouds"（彩雲之南 / 彩云之南）[note 1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Yi name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yi | ꒊꆈ yyp nuo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tai Lue name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tai Lue | ᦍᦲᧃᧉᦓᦱᧃᧉ jin naan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lisu name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lisu | ꓬꓱ-ꓠ ye na | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tibetan | ཡུན་ནན་ yun nan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Thai name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Thai | ᩅᩥᩮᨵᩉᩁᩣ᩠ᨩ Witheharat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thai name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thai | ยูนนาน Yunnan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese | Vân Nam 雲南 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lao name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lao | ຢຸນນານ yun nān | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burmese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burmese | ယူနန်ပြည်နယ် yunanpranynai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shan name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shan | ယူႇၼၢၼ်ႇ၊ မိူင်း yū⸒nān⸒, möṅː | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yunnan[a] is an inland province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately 394,000 km2 (152,000 sq mi) and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, autonomous regions of Guangxi and Tibet, as well as Southeast Asian countries Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, and Laos. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014.[7]
Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the Northwest and low elevations in the Southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as 3,000 m (9,800 ft). Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17,000 or more.[8] Yunnan's reserves of aluminium, lead, zinc and tin are the largest in China, and there are also major reserves of copper and nickel. Historically, the southwestern Silk Road to Bhitargarh in Bangladesh passed through modern Yunnan.
Parts of Yunnan formed the Dian Kingdom during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. The Han dynasty conquered the Dian Kingdom in the late 2nd century BC, establishing the Yizhou Commandery in its place. During the chaos of the Three Kingdoms period, imperial Chinese authority in Yunnan weakened, and much of the region came under the control of the Cuanman. The area was later ruled by the Sino-Tibetan-speaking kingdom of Nanzhao from (738–937), followed by the Bai-ruled Dali Kingdom (937–1253). After the Mongol conquest of the region in the 13th century, Yunnan was conquered and ruled by the Ming dynasty.
From the Yuan dynasty onward, the area was part of a central-government sponsored population movement towards the southwestern frontier, with two major waves of migrants arriving from Han-majority areas in northern and southeast China.[9] As with other parts of China's southwest, Japanese occupation in the north during World War II forced another migration of Han people into the region. These two waves of migration contributed to Yunnan being one of the most ethnically diverse provinces of China, with ethnic minorities accounting for about 34 percent of its total population.[10] Major ethnic groups include Yi, Bai, Hani, Zhuang, Dai, and Miao.[11] Yunnan has also been identified as the birthplace of tea,[12] and as the region of origin of the plant genus Cannabis.[13]
- ^ "Doing Business in Yunnan Province of China". Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic Of China. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "National Data". China NBS. March 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024. see also 2023年云南省国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Chinese). yunnan.gov.cn. March 29, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ^ "Human Development Indices (8.0)- China". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Yunnan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021.
- ^ "Yunnan". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "Yunnan". Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions. PRC Central Government Official Website. Archived from the original on 18 June 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Patersonwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Lee, James (1982). "The Legacy of Immigration in Southwest China, 1250–1850". Annals de Démographie Historique. 1982: 279–304. doi:10.3406/adh.1982.1543. Archived from the original on Nov 19, 2023.
- ^ Wang, Ge (2016-04-18). Pains and Gains of Ethnic Multilingual Learners in China: An Ethnographic Case Study. Springer. p. 11. ISBN 9789811006616. Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
- ^ Jin Li; Mark Seielstad; Xiao Chunjie (2001). Genetic, linguistic and archaeological perspectives on human diversity in Southeast Asia. World Scientific. p. 57. ISBN 9789810247843. OCLC 897003738.
- ^ Fuller, Thomas (2008-04-21). "A Tea From the Jungle Enriches a Placid Village". The New York Times. New York. p. A8. Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
- ^ Osterberger, Elisabeth; Lohwasser, Ulrike; Jovanovic, Dijana; Ruzicka, Joana; Novak, Johannes (2022-04-01). "The origin of the genus Cannabis". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 69 (4): 1439–1449. doi:10.1007/s10722-021-01309-y. ISSN 1573-5109. S2CID 245589100.
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