Zafarnama (letter)

Zafarnamah
ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਾ
ظفرنامه
by Guru Gobind Singh
Folios of the copy prepared by Bhai Daya Singh of the original work
Original titleZafarnāmāh
Written1705
CountryMughal Empire (present day India)
LanguagePersian
Subject(s)War, religion, morality, and justice
Genre(s)Religion, Letter
MeterChantt
Lines111 verses[1][2]
Preceded byCharitropakhyan
Followed byHikayats
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The Zafarnāma (Gurmukhi: ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਾ; Persian: ظفرنامہ, romanizedZafarnameh, lit.'Epistle of Victory') was a spiritual victory letter sent by Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to the Mughal Emperor of India, Aurangzeb, after the Battle of Chamkaur.[3]

  1. ^ 'Makin', Gursharan Singh. Zafarnama: The Epistle of Victory (1st ed.). Lahore Book Shop. p. 13. ISBN 8176471798.
  2. ^ Singha, H.S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Over 1000 Entries). Hemkunt Press. p. 54. ISBN 9788170103011.
  3. ^ Grewal, J. S. (2019). "Appendix 9A: Perspectives on the Zafarnama". Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.