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Zindīq (pl. zanādiqa) is an Islamic pejorative applied to individuals who are considered to hold views or follow practices that are contrary to central Islamic dogmas.[1] Zandaqa is the noun describing these views.[2]
Zandaqa is usually translated as "heresy" and is often used to underscore the seriousness of the religious views of the accused individual, and the rejection of such views by Islamic orthodoxy.[3] It originally referred to the adherents of Manichaeism,[3] but then came to be applied to those who were accused of having heretical beliefs and actions deemed as threatening by Islamic authorities.[3][4]
- ^ Lewis, Bernard (1993), Islam in history: ideas, people, and events in the Middle East, Open Court, p. 287.
- ^ Blois, F.C. De (2012). "Zindīḳ". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1389.(subscription required)
- ^ a b c Bello, Maria Isabel Fierro (1987). "Accusations of "Zandaqa" in Al-Andalus". Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 5/6: 251–258. ISSN 1121-2306. JSTOR 25802607.
- ^ Adang, Camilla; Ansari, Hassan; Fierro, Maribel (2015). Accusations of Unbelief in Islam: A Diachronic Perspective on Takfīr. Brill. p. 18. ISBN 9789004307834. Retrieved 25 December 2020.