| Zhang Xianzhong 張獻忠 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor of the Xi dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1644–1647 | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 18 September 1606 | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 2 January 1647 (aged 40) | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Lady Chen (daughter of Chen Yan) | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Xi | ||||||||||||||||
| Seal[note 1] |  | ||||||||||||||||
| Zhang Xianzhong | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 張獻忠 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 张献忠 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Zhang Xianzhong (張獻忠 or Chang Hsien-chung; 18 September 1606 – 2 January 1647), courtesy name Bingwu (秉吾), art name Jingxuan (敬軒), was a Chinese peasant leader who led a peasant rebellion from Yan'an wei, Shaanxi (today Yulin, Shaanxi province) during the Ming-Qing transition. He conquered Sichuan in 1644, and named himself king and later emperor[2] of the Xi dynasty. His rule in Sichuan was brief, and he was killed by the invading Qing army. He is commonly associated with the massacres in Sichuan that depopulated the region.[3][4] However, the extent of his killings is disputed.[5]
- ^ Huo Hongwei. "中国国家博物馆藏西王赏功钱考" (PDF) (in Chinese). China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
empwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Skeletons of massacre victims uncovered at construction site". Shanghai Star. 11 April 2002. Archived from the original on 22 April 2006.
- ^ ""张献忠屠四川"非造假 成都曾挖出万人枯骨坑 ("Zhang Xianzhong's massacre of Sichuan" not fabricated, ten thousand human bones in pit excavated in Chengdu.)" (in Chinese). sc.people.com.cn. 8 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
huwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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