Socionique

La socionique (en russe : соционика) est une théorie pseudoscientifique^[1].

Elle est construite à partir de trois autres approches théoriques :

d'un point de vue central, la socionique s'appuie sur le travail de Carl Gustav Jung, en particulier ses apports et sa conceptualisation sur ce que l'on nomme en psychologie analytique jungienne : le type psychologique.
la socionique s'appuie aussi sur Freud et deux concepts clefs : conscient et inconscient^{[réf. souhaitée]}.
enfin, elle s'appuie aussi sur la théorie d'Antoni Kępiński, portant sur la structure de l'information.^{[réf. nécessaire]}

Cette approche fut élaborée dans la sphère politique de l'Union soviétique, et bien que ne s'étant pas développée en lien avec les recherches occidentales, elle est parvenue à être le pendant du développement qu'a connu la théorie junguienne du Type psychologique par le Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

En socionique, la modélisation et les usages des divers types de personnalités sont cependant différents, et la méthode d'approche est plus complexe que dans celle du MBTI. Cette complexité fait dire aux auteurs de cette théorie, qu'elle a néanmoins "plus de finesse", en ce sens qu'elle serait porteuse de plus de sens sur le réel que la méthode développée dans le cadre du MBTI^[2]. Il y a là débat d'experts.

La socionique fut créée par Aushra Augustinavichute (en lituanien Aušra Augustinavičiūtė)^[3]. L'Institut international de socionique fondé en 1991 à Kiev, en Ukraine, diffuse aujourd'hui ces travaux. Le directeur de l'organisation est le docteur Alexandre Boukalov.

↑ Mineev, V. V. (2014). Введение в историю и философию науки [Introduction à l' histoire et la philosophie des sciences]. Directmedia. p. 84. (ISBN 978-5-4458-7511-6). "[The long list of pseudoscientific concepts today includes: theory of torsion fields, cold fusion projects, wave genetics, japhetic theory, the theory of "living matter", "new chronology", eugenics, dianetics, cryonics, socionics...]"
↑ Fink G. and Mayrhofer W. Cross-cultural competence and management — setting the stage // European J. Cross-Cultural Competence and Management. — 2009. — Vol. 1. — No. 1.

« Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory. In the context of this article, four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and/or their appropriateness for the topic: Socionics (founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute, e.g., Augustinavichiute, 1994, 1998); cybernetic mindscape theory (Maruyama, 1980; Boje, 2004); the five factor model (FFM), commonly called the ‘big five’ personality trait model (Costa and McCrae, 1992); the personality type theory of the Myers-Briggs type inventory »

— (MBTI, see McKenna et al., 2002)
↑ Blutner R., Hochnadel E., « Two qubits for CG Jung's theory of personality », Cognitive Systems Research, vol. 11, n^o 3,‎ 2010, p. 243-259 (http: //blutner.de/Documents/Jung_rev.pdf)

« Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausra Augustinaviciute. The name 'socionics' is derived from the word 'society, since Augustinaviciute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society, which can be described and explained by socionics. The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI; however, whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe, the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe. For more information, the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution (see http://socionic.info/en/esocjur.html#top). Despite of several similarities there are also important differences. For instance, the MBTI is based on questionnaires with so-called forced-choice questions. Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question. Obviously, such tests are self-referential. That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves. Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead. However, if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly, we expect results that often make sense. For that reason, we do not reject test questions principally, but we have to take into account their self-referential character. Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jung's intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it, mainly in terms of informational metabolism (Kepinski & PZWL, 1972). Further, socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se, but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities. »

[1] Mineev, V. V. (2014). Введение в историю и философию науки [Introduction à l' histoire et la philosophie des sciences]. Directmedia. p. 84. (ISBN 978-5-4458-7511-6). "[The long list of pseudoscientific concepts today includes: theory of torsion fields, cold fusion projects, wave genetics, japhetic theory, the theory of "living matter", "new chronology", eugenics, dianetics, cryonics, socionics...]"

[2] Fink G. and Mayrhofer W. Cross-cultural competence and management — setting the stage // European J. Cross-Cultural Competence and Management. — 2009. — Vol. 1. — No. 1.

« Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory. In the context of this article, four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and/or their appropriateness for the topic: Socionics (founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute, e.g., Augustinavichiute, 1994, 1998); cybernetic mindscape theory (Maruyama, 1980; Boje, 2004); the five factor model (FFM), commonly called the ‘big five’ personality trait model (Costa and McCrae, 1992); the personality type theory of the Myers-Briggs type inventory »

— (MBTI, see McKenna et al., 2002)

[blunter2010-3] Blutner R., Hochnadel E., « Two qubits for CG Jung's theory of personality », Cognitive Systems Research, vol. 11, n^o 3,‎ 2010, p. 243-259 (http: //blutner.de/Documents/Jung_rev.pdf)

« Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausra Augustinaviciute. The name 'socionics' is derived from the word 'society, since Augustinaviciute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society, which can be described and explained by socionics. The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI; however, whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe, the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe. For more information, the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution (see http://socionic.info/en/esocjur.html#top). Despite of several similarities there are also important differences. For instance, the MBTI is based on questionnaires with so-called forced-choice questions. Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question. Obviously, such tests are self-referential. That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves. Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead. However, if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly, we expect results that often make sense. For that reason, we do not reject test questions principally, but we have to take into account their self-referential character. Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jung's intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it, mainly in terms of informational metabolism (Kepinski & PZWL, 1972). Further, socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se, but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities. »

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