0-4-0

0-4-0
Diagram of two wheels, coupled together with a coupling rod
Richard Trevithick's Coalbrookedale
Equivalent classifications
UIC classB
French class020
Turkish class22
Swiss class2/2
Russian class0-2-0
First known tank engine version
First usec. 1850
CountryUnited Kingdom
RailwayCaledonian Railway
DesignerRobert Sinclair
BenefitsTotal engine mass as adhesive weight
DrawbacksInstability at speed
First known tender engine version
First usec. 1802
CountryUnited Kingdom
LocomotiveCoalbrookedale
DesignerRichard Trevithick
BuilderRichard Trevithick

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-0 represents one of the simplest possible types, that with two axles and four coupled wheels, all of which are driven. The wheels on the earliest four-coupled locomotives were connected by a single gear wheel, but from 1825 the wheels were usually connected with coupling rods to form a single driven set.

The notation 0-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached tender.

In Britain, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod-coupled driving wheels.[1]

Under the UIC classification used in Europe and, in more recent years, in simplified form in the United States, a 0-4-0 is classified as B (German and Italian) if the axles are connected by side rods or gearing and 020 (French), independent of axle motoring. The UIC's Bo classification for electric and diesel-electric locomotives indicates that the axles are independently motored, which would be 0-2-2-0 under the Whyte notation.