1160s

The 1160s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1160, and ended on December 31, 1169.

Events

1160

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Levant
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  • Autumn – Raynald of Châtillon, prince of Antioch, makes a plundering raid in the valley of the Euphrates at Marash to seize cattle, horses and camels from the local peasants. On his way back to Antioch, he and his retinue are attacked by Zangid warriors. Raynald is unhorsed, captured and sent to Aleppo where he is put in jail.[1]
Africa
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Asia
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By topic

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Education
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1161

By place

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Byzantine Empire
[edit]
Europe
[edit]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

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Religion
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1162

By place

[edit]
Europe
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England
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Africa
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China
[edit]

By topic

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Religion
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  • The Beisi Pagoda (or North Temple Pagoda) is completed during the Song dynasty in China.

1163

1164

By place

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Scotland
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England
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Levant
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Africa
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  • A commercial treaty grants access to Almohad-dominated ports to merchants from several European powers, including Marseille and Savona.[38]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Markets
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  • Venice secures its loans against fiscal revenues, to obtain lower interest rates. In the first operation of this kind, the Republic obtains 1150 silver marci, for 12 years of the taxes levied on the Rialto market.[39]
Religion
[edit]

1165

By place

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Byzantine Empire
[edit]
Europe
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British Isles
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Asia
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By topic

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Religion
[edit]

1166

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
[edit]
  • Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos asks Venice to help pay the costs of defending Sicily, whose Norman rulers have had good relations with Venice. Doge Vitale II Michiel refuses to pay the requested subsidy. Manuel begins to cultivate relationships with the main commercial rivals of Venice: Genoa and Pisa. He grants them their own trade quarters in Constantinople, very near the Venetian settlements.
Europe
[edit]
British Isles
[edit]

1167

By place

[edit]
Europe
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
  • March 18Battle of Al-Babein: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin marches towards Egypt, but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King Amalric of Jerusalem. After skirmishing down the Nile, the Crusaders are defeated near Giza and forced to retreat to Cairo.[47]
  • May–June – Saladin leads the defence of Alexandria against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison (plus some 1,000 cavalry), and the army's sick and wounded.[48]
  • August 4 – Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters Alexandria at the head of the Crusader army. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to Syria.[49]
  • Probable date – Battle of Pantina: The Byzantines intervene on behalf of Grand Prince Tihomir of Serbia against his rebellious brother, Prince Stefan Nemanja, who defeats the Byzantine forces and becomes Grand Župan of Serbia.
Ireland
[edit]
England
[edit]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]
  • Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first synod at Lund. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" (modern-day Copenhagen) and fortifies the coastal defence against the Wends.

1168

By place

[edit]
Levant
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
  • December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.
Europe
[edit]
Asia
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By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1169

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
[edit]
Europe
[edit]
England
[edit]
Ireland
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
  • Spring – A Zangid expedition under General Shirkuh accompanied by his nephew Saladin invades Egypt. King Amalric I of Jerusalem orders his fleet to return to Acre and retreats with the Crusaders back to Palestine.
  • January 8 – Shirkuh enters Cairo, leaving the Zangid army encamped outside the city. He goes to the palace, where the 18-year-old Fatimid caliph Al-Adid welcomes him with ceremonial gifts and promised money.[55]
  • January 18Shawar, Fatimid vizier and de facto ruler, is invited to join Shirkuh on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Al-Shafi'i. Underway he and his escort are taken prisoner; on orders from Al-Adid, Shawar is decapitated.[55]
  • March 23 – Shirkuh dies from over-eating after a 2-month reign.[55] He is succeeded by Saladin, who is appointed chief vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate. He takes over as commander of Nur al-Din's forces in Egypt.[60]
  • Summer – Saladin invites his brother Turan-Shah to join him in Cairo. He brings his family and retinue with him but also a substantial army provided by Nur al-Din. Turan-Shah is welcomed by Al-Adid as a friend.[60]
  • August 2123 – At the Battle of the Blacks, Saladin crushes a rebellion by Sudanese forces (50,000 men) of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners. He never again has to face a military uprising from Cairo.[61]
  • Winter – Saladin supported by reinforcements from Nur al-din, defeats a Crusader-Byzantine force under Amalric I near Damietta. During the 3-month siege, the Crusaders are forced to retreat to Palestine.[55]

By topic

[edit]
Art and Science
[edit]
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine leaves the English court of Henry II, to establish her own court in Poitiers. It will become known as a center of courtly love. Richard I accompanies his mother and is made heir to Aquitaine.
  1. ^ a b Runciman, Steven (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem. pp. 291–293. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  2. ^ Bradbury, Jim (1992). The Medieval Siege, p. 92. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-851-15357-5.
  3. ^ Andrew Roberts (2008). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), p. 134. ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
  4. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. p. 67. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  5. ^ Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József. The Crusades and the Military Orders. Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies. p. 246. ISBN 978-963-9241-42-8.
  6. ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident dál-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  7. ^ Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  8. ^ Samson, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334, pp. 256–258. Standford University Press. ISBN 08-0470-523-2.
  9. ^ Runciman, Steven (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem. pp. 291–293. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  10. ^ Makk, Ferenc (translated by György Novák) (1989). The Árpáds and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 75. ISBN 963-05-5268-X.
  11. ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe Siècle: L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  12. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 67–69. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  13. ^ Andrew Roberts (2011). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), p. 135. ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
  14. ^ Comyn, Robert (1851). History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, p. 246.
  15. ^ Picard C. (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 77.
  16. ^ Wright, Craig (2008) [1989]. Music and Ceremony at Notre Dame of Paris, 500-1550. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN 9780521088343.
  17. ^ Pope, Thomas Canon (1871). The Council of the Vatican, and the events of the time. Dublin: James Duffy. pp. 63. 1163 Notre Dame Pope.
  18. ^ Clark, William W.; Mark, Robert (1984-03-01). "The First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris". The Art Bulletin. 66 (1): 47–65. doi:10.1080/00043079.1984.10788136. ISSN 0004-3079. The traditional starting date is associated with the visit of Pope Alexander III to Paris between March 24 and April 25, 1163, during which time he dedicated the "new" chevet at St.-Germain-des-Pres and is said to have laid the cornerstone of Notre-Dame.
  19. ^ Bruzelius, Caroline (1987-12-01). "The Construction of Notre-Dame in Paris". The Art Bulletin. 69 (4): 540–569. doi:10.1080/00043079.1987.10788458. ISSN 0004-3079. The tradition that the cornerstone was laid in 1163 may well be either apocryphal or largely symbolic [...] I shall not take issue with the traditional date of the inception of the work in ca. 1163, nor with the date of its completion in ca. 1250, for both of which there is much good evidence.
  20. ^ Earp, Lawrence (2015). "2 - Cathedral and Court: Music Under the Late Capetian and Valois Kings, to Louis XI". In Trezise, Simon (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to French Music. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780521877947.
  21. ^ Robinson, I. S. (1996) [1990]. The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and Innovation. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p. 140. ISBN 9780521319225.
  22. ^ Warner, Rev H. J. (2007) [1922]. The Albigensian Heresy. San Diego, CA: Book Tree. p. 41. ISBN 9781585092932.
  23. ^ Duffy, Séan (2007). "Henry II and England's Insular Neighbours". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.). Henry II: New Interpretations. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. p. 134. ISBN 9781843833406.
  24. ^ Malone, Patricia (2008). ""Se Principem Nominat:" Rhetorical Self-Fashioning and Epistolary Style in the Letters of Owain Gwynedd". Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium. 28: 169–184. ISSN 1545-0155. JSTOR 41219622. We know from Thomas Becket's letter to Pope Alexander that Owain had begun to refer to himself as princeps by at least 1163.
  25. ^ Scholz, Albert August (2013) [1964]. Silesia: Yesterday and Today. The Hague, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9789401760027.
  26. ^ Hartshorne, Richard (1933-12-01). "Geographic and Political Boundaries in Upper Silesia". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 23 (4): 195–228. doi:10.1080/00045603309357073. ISSN 0004-5608. The separation of Silesia from Poland dates, for practical purposes perhaps from 1163
  27. ^ HARRINGTON, JOSEPH F. (1974). "Upper Silesia and the Paris Peace Conference". The Polish Review. 19 (2): 25–45. ISSN 0032-2970. JSTOR 25777197. Upper Silesia had not been Polish since 1163
  28. ^ Brégaint, David (2015). Vox regis: Royal Communication in High Medieval Norway. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 91. ISBN 9789004306431.
  29. ^ Emmerson, Richard K. (2016) [2006]. Routledge Revivals: Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2006): An Encyclopedia. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 295. ISBN 9781351681681.
  30. ^ Vandvik, Eirik (2010-06-29). "Donatio Constantini and early Norwegian church policy". Symbolae Osloenses: Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. 31 (1): 131–137. doi:10.1080/00397675508590469.
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  32. ^ Ozola, Silvjia (2018). "Impact of Catholic Monastery Church Building on Cistercian Monastery Formation in Livonia and the State of the Teutonic Order during 13th and 14th Century" (PDF). Scientific Journal of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies "Landscape Architecture and Art". 12 (12): 71. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  33. ^ Peters, Greg (2014). Reforming the Monastery: Protestant Theologies of the Religious Life. New Monastic Library. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 9781630870454.
  34. ^ Ramamurthy, T. (2010). Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundations and Tunnels. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited. p. 23. ISBN 9788120341685.
  35. ^ Ioannides, Marinos; Fink, Eleanor; Brumana, Raffaella; Patias, Petros; Doulamis, Anastasios; Martins, João; Wallace, Manolis (2018). "Ancient Sandbox Technique: An Experimental Study Using Piezoelectric Sensors by Trishala Daka, Lokesh Udatha, Venkata Dilip Kumar, Pasupuleti Email, Prafulla Kalapatapu, Bharghava Rajaram". Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection: 7th International Conference, EuroMed 2018, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 29 – November 3, 2018, Proceedings. Vol. Part II. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 175. ISBN 9783030017651.
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  37. ^ David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 – Saladin, p. 4. ISBN 978-1-84908-317-1
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  39. ^ Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
  40. ^ Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1972). "La división territorial en la España musulmana (II): la cora de "Tudmīr" (Murcia)". Al-Andalus, p. 171.
  41. ^ Shatzmiller, Joseph (1998). "Jews, Pilgrimage, and the Christian Cult of Saints: Benjamin of Tudela and his Contemporaries", p. 338. ISBN 978-0-8020-0779-7.
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  44. ^ L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal.
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  47. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
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  54. ^ Vigueur, Jean-Claude Maire (2010). L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle). Paris: Tallandier. p. 314.
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  56. ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  57. ^ Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. p. 37.
  58. ^ Makk, Ferenc (1989). The Árpáds and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century (Translated by György Novák). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 105–106. ISBN 963-05-5268-X.
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