1590s

The 1590s decade ran from January 1, 1590, to December 31, 1599.

Events

1590

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1591

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1592

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1593

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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  • July 25 – As he promised in January, Henry IV of France abjures Protestantism at the Basilica of Saint-Denis.[62] Legend attributes to him the saying Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a mass").[63]
  • July 29 – The Long War breaks out in Hungary between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.
  • August 3 – Poland's council of nobles, the Sejm, grants permission to King Sigismund III Vasa and his wife, Queen consort Anne, to travel to Sweden to claim the Swedish crown.
  • August 24 – After losing the Battle of Sisak two months earlier, the Ottoman Empire attacks the Austrian fortress guarding the city and breaks through its walls with cannon fire, forcing its surrender on August 30.
  • September 10 – With no fortress or troops to defend Croatia, Ottoman General Mehmed Pasha captures the city of Sisak. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî (Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1999)

October–December

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Date unknown

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1594

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1595

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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  • October 26Battle of Giurgiu: Michael the Brave, led by Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Báthory, again defeats the Turkish army led by Sinan Pasha, pushing them on the east side of the Danube.
  • October 30 – The surviving members of Spain's Mendaña expedition to Santa Cruz, including Mendaña's widow Isabel Barreto, decide to abandon the Santa Cruz colony in the South Pacific.
  • November 7 – Portuguese explorer Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho, who had departed from the Philippines on the ship San Agustin on July 5 with cargo of Asian silk, porcelain, and almost 100 passengers and crew, drops anchor at Drakes Bay in what is now the U.S. state of California. [94] He and some of his crew come ashore, where they are greeted by Native Americans. A gale in a few weeks later sinks the San Agustin, killing at least 7 people and ruining the ship's cargo. The crew salvages a launch that they had brought with them.
  • November 8 – The Battle of Guadalupe Island is fought between nine English Navy warships (led by Sir Francis Drake) and eight Spanish frigates off in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Spanish force wins the battle, capturing one ship and killing 45 English sailors. Both sets of ships proceed toward Puerto Rico.
  • November 9 – In India, Prince Man Singh I, Maharaja of Amber within the Mughal Empire, becomes the Mughal Governor (subahdar) of Bengal in what is now Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. He lays the foundations of a new capital of Bengal, Akbarnagar (now Rajmahal, Jharkhand state). [95]
  • November 17 – In the remodeling of the Church of Saint Sylvester in Rome, the ashes of Pope Anterus are discovered almost 1,360 years after his death. Anterus had served as Pope for six weeks before dying on January 3, 236. [96]
  • November 18 – The settlers of the first attempt to create a European colony in the South Pacific depart from Santa Cruz Island on three surviving ships, the San Geronimo, the San Felipe and the Santa Catalina (which disappears during the attempt to return home). Despite the lack of navigation charts, navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós brings the San Geronimo and the San Felipe back to Manila Bay, arriving on February 11 after 12 weeks and the deaths of 50 passengers.
  • November 22 – The Battle of San Juan is fought off of the island of Puerto Rico as an English fleet of 27 ships and 2,500 men, led by Francis Drake, attempts to invade the Spanish colony. In a three-day battle, the English lose at least eight ships and 400 men, including Admiral John Hawkins. Drake's fleet withdraws and attempts to conquer Panama. [97]
  • December 8 – A group of 80 people from the sunken ship San Agustin, are able to leave California on the launch which they had brought along, which they name the San Buenaventura. The group sails past San Francisco Bay and arrives at Chacala in Mexico on January 17. [94]
  • December 9 – What is probably the first performance of William Shakespeare's play, Richard II, takes place in London.
  • December 14 – Sultan Murad, 4th son of Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire invades Ahmednagar Sultanate which is defended by Chand Bibi.

Date unknown

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1596

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1597

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1598

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1599

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Births

1590

Emperor Ahmed I
Pope Clement X

1591

Guercino
Michael de Sanctis

1592

Emperor Shah Jahan born on January 15
Sir John Eliot born on April 11
Francis Quarles born on May 8
Emperor Hong Taiji born on November 28

1593

Saint Jean de Brebeuf
Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena
Cesare Monti
Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg
William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Sixtinus Amama
Liborius Wagner

1594

Maria Tesselschade Visscher
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

1595

Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Jan Marek Marci
Guru Hargobind
Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł

1596

Jan van Goyen
René Descartes
Emperor Go-Mizunoo

1597

Henry Gage
Justus Sustermans

1598

Maarten Tromp
Gian Lorenzo Bernini

1599

Saint John Berchmans
Oliver Cromwell

Deaths

1590

Saint Catherine de Ricci
Pope Sixtus V
Pope Urban VII

Bernard Palissy, French potter (b. 1510)

1591

Pope Gregory XIV
John of the Cross
Pope Innocent IX

1592

Saint Paschal Baylon died on May 17, 1592
King John III of Sweden died on November 17, 1592

1593

Emperor Ogimachi
The Marlowe portrait, often claimed to be Christopher Marlowe, playwright

1594

Tintoretto
Martin Frobisher
Gerardus Mercator

1595

Murad III
Torquato Tasso
Saint Philip Neri
Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople
Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira

1596

Sir Francis Drake
Hattori Hanzō

1597

Willem Barentsz
Edward Kelley
Saint Peter Canisius

1598

Tsar Feodor I of Russia
King Philip II of Spain
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Yi Sun-sin

1599

Cornelis de Houtman
Andrew Báthory
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  132. ^ Samuel Hawley, The Imjin War (Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press, 2005) p.531
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