| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1708 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1708 MDCCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2461 |
| Armenian calendar | 1157 ԹՎ ՌՃԾԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6458 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1629–1630 |
| Bengali calendar | 1115 |
| Berber calendar | 2658 |
| British Regnal year | 6 Ann. 1 – 7 Ann. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2252 |
| Burmese calendar | 1070 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7216–7217 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 4405 or 4198 — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 4406 or 4199 |
| Coptic calendar | 1424–1425 |
| Discordian calendar | 2874 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1700–1701 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5468–5469 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1764–1765 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1629–1630 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4808–4809 |
| Holocene calendar | 11708 |
| Igbo calendar | 708–709 |
| Iranian calendar | 1086–1087 |
| Islamic calendar | 1119–1120 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōei 5 (宝永５年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1631–1632 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4041 |
| Minguo calendar | 204 before ROC 民前204年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 240 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2250–2251 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1834 or 1453 or 681 — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1835 or 1454 or 682 |
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1708 (MDCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1708th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 708th year of the 2nd millennium, the 8th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1708, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.