| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1709 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Countries |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1709 MDCCIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2462 |
| Armenian calendar | 1158 ԹՎ ՌՃԾԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6459 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1630–1631 |
| Bengali calendar | 1116 |
| Berber calendar | 2659 |
| British Regnal year | 7 Ann. 1 – 8 Ann. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2253 |
| Burmese calendar | 1071 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7217–7218 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 4406 or 4199 — to — 己丑年 (Earth Ox) 4407 or 4200 |
| Coptic calendar | 1425–1426 |
| Discordian calendar | 2875 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1701–1702 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5469–5470 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1765–1766 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1630–1631 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4809–4810 |
| Holocene calendar | 11709 |
| Igbo calendar | 709–710 |
| Iranian calendar | 1087–1088 |
| Islamic calendar | 1120–1121 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōei 6 (宝永６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1632–1633 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4042 |
| Minguo calendar | 203 before ROC 民前203年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 241 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2251–2252 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1835 or 1454 or 682 — to — 阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 1836 or 1455 or 683 |
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1709 (MDCCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1709th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 709th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1709, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.