| 1901 VFL premiership season | |
|---|---|
 Essendon 1901 VFL premiership team | |
| Date | 4 May—7 September 1901 |
| Teams | 8 |
| Premiers | Essendon 2nd premiership |
| Minor premiers | Geelong 2nd minor premiership |
| Leading goalkicker medallist | Fred Hiskins (Essendon) 34 goals |
| Matches played | 71 |
The 1901 VFL season was the fifth season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest-level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured eight clubs and ran from 4 May to 7 September, comprising a 17-round home-and-away season followed by a two-week finals series featuring the top four clubs.
Essendon won the premiership, defeating Collingwood by 27 points in the 1901 VFL grand final; it was Essendon's second VFL premiership. Geelong won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with a 14–3 win–loss record, but was eliminated by Collingwood in the semi-finals. Essendon's Fred Hiskins won the leading goalkicker medal as the league's leading goalkicker.