1919 Egyptian revolution

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Egyptian revolution of 1919
Part of the revolutions of 1917–1923
Demonstration in Egypt in 1919
Date November 1918 – July 23 1919[citation needed] Location Sultanate of Egypt Result Egyptian victory Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence Implementation of the 1923 Constitution of Egypt Territorial changes Establishment of the Kingdom of Egypt
Belligerents
Britain Sultanate of Egypt Anglo-Egyptian Sudan  Australia[1]  New Zealand	Egyptian protesters Wafd Party
Commanders and leaders
Reginald Wingate	Saad Zaghloul
Casualties and losses
29 British servicemen killed 1 Australian serviceman killed [2] 31 European civilians killed
800 killed 1,600

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The Egyptian revolution of 1919 (Arabic: ثورة 1919, Thawra 1919) was a nation-wide revolution in the Sultanate of Egypt against British occupation which lasted from November 1918 to July 1919. Occurring right after the end of World War I, the revolution served as the culmination of successive decades of opposition by Egyptian nationalists to the occupation, and was directly sparked by the British-ordered exile of Wafd Party leader Saad Zaghloul and several other party members.^[3]

The revolution was successfully countered by British forces.^[4][5] However, Britain's High Commissioner for Egypt nevertheless felt negotiations were needed to quell the crisis.^[5] Ultimately, the United Kingdom would grant subsequent recognition of Egyptian independence in 1922 as the Kingdom of Egypt, and the implementation of a new Egyptian constitution in 1923. The British government, however, retained significant levels of influence in Egypt and refused to recognize full Egyptian sovereignty over Sudan or to withdraw British forces from the Suez Canal. These factors that would continue to sour Egypt–United Kingdom relations in the decades leading up to the Egyptian revolution of 1952.