1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt

1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt
Part of the War in Vietnam (1959–1963) in the Vietnam War
President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam
Date November 11, 1960 Location Saigon, South Vietnam Result Coup attempt defeated
Belligerents
ARVN rebels RVNMD rebels RVNAD rebels	ARVN loyalists Presidential Guard
Commanders and leaders
Vương Văn Đông Nguyễn Chánh Thi Phạm Văn Liễu	Ngô Đình Diệm Ngô Đình Nhu Nguyễn Khánh Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Trần Thiện Khiêm
Strength
One armoured regiment One marine unit Three airborne battalions	ARVN 5th Division ARVN 7th Division ~60 men of the Presidential Guard
Casualties and losses
Unclear, more than 400 dead on both sides

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History of Ho Chi Minh City
Before 1955 1782 Saigon massacre (1782) Gia Định province Siege of Saigon (18 February 1859 – 25 February 1861) Battle of Ky Hoa (February 1861) Treaty of Saigon (1862) Treaty of Saigon (1874) Battle of Saigon (1955)
Vietnam War 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt (11 November 1960) Operation Chopper (Vietnam) (12 January 1962) 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing (27 February 1962) Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức (11 June 1963) Double Seven Day scuffle (7 July 1963) Xá Lợi Pagoda raids (21 August 1963) 1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état (1–2 November 1963) Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem (2 November 1963) Attack on USNS Card (2 May 1964) 1964 Brinks Hotel bombing (24 December 1964) 1965 United States embassy bombing (30 March 1965) 1965 Saigon bombing (25 June 1965) Operation Jackstay (26 March – 6 April 1966) Operation Fairfax (November 1966 - 15 December 1967) Viet Cong attack on Tan Son Nhut Air Base (4–5 December 1966) Tet offensive battle of Cholon and Phu Tho Racetrack (31 January-11 February 1968) Tet offensive attack on Joint General Staff Compound (31 January-1 February 1968) Tet offensive attack on Tan Son Nhut Air Base (31 January 1968) Tet offensive attack on US Embassy (31 January 1968) Battle of West Saigon (5–12 May 1968) Battle of South Saigon (7–12 May 1968) Hijacking of Pan Am Flight 841 (2 July 1972) Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base (28 April 1975) Operation Frequent Wind (29–30 April 1975) Fall of Saigon (30 April 1975)
After 1975 1996 Asian Judo Championships (9 to 10 November 1996) 1999 Badminton Asia Cup (10–14 November 1999) Ho Chi Minh City ITC fire (29 October 2002) 2005 AFC Futsal Championship (22 May – 4 June 2005) 2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships (29 August – 4 September 2005) 2012 Vietnam Open Grand Prix (20–26 August 2012)
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On November 11, 1960, a failed coup attempt against President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam was led by Lieutenant Colonel Vương Văn Đông and Colonel Nguyễn Chánh Thi of the Airborne Division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN).

The rebels launched the coup in response to Diệm's autocratic rule and the negative political influence of his brother Ngô Đình Nhu and sister-in-law Madame Nhu. They also bemoaned the politicisation of the military, whereby regime loyalists who were members of the Ngô family's covert Cần Lao Party were readily promoted ahead of more competent officers who were not insiders. Đông was supported in the conspiracy by his brother-in-law Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Trieu Hong, whose uncle was a prominent official in a minor opposition party. The main link in the coup was Đông's commanding officer Thi, whom he persuaded to join the plot.

The coup caught the Ngô family completely off-guard, but was also chaotically executed. The plotters neglected to seal the roads leading into the capital Saigon to seal off loyalist reinforcements, and they hesitated after gaining the initiative. After initially being trapped inside the Independence Palace, Diệm stalled the coup by holding negotiations and promising reforms, such as the inclusion of military officers in the administration. In the meantime, opposition politicians joined the fray, trying to exploit Diệm's position. However, the president's real aim was to buy time for loyalist forces to enter the capital and relieve him. The coup failed when the 5th and 7th Divisions of the ARVN entered Saigon and defeated the rebels. More than four hundred people—many of whom were civilian spectators—were killed in the ensuing battle. These included a group of anti-Diệm civilians who charged across the palace walls at Thi's urging and were cut down by loyalist gunfire.

Đông and Thi fled to Cambodia, while Diệm berated the United States for a perceived lack of support during the crisis. Afterwards, Diệm ordered a crackdown, imprisoning numerous anti-government critics and former cabinet ministers. Those that assisted Diệm were duly promoted, while those that did not were demoted. A trial for those implicated in the plot was held in 1963. Seven officers and two civilians were sentenced to death in absentia, while 14 officers and 34 civilians were jailed. Diệm's regime also accused the Americans of sending Central Intelligence Agency members to assist the failed plot. When Diệm was assassinated after a 1963 coup, those jailed after the 1960 revolt were released by the new military junta.