| Tournament details | |
|---|---|
| Dates | April 5–May 17, 1983 |
| Teams | 16 |
| Defending champions | New York Islanders |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | New York Islanders |
| Runner-up | Edmonton Oilers |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Scoring leader(s) | Wayne Gretzky (Oilers) (38 points) |
| MVP | Billy Smith (Islanders) |
The 1983 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 5, after the conclusion of the 1982–83 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 17 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Edmonton Oilers 4–0 to win the final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup for the fourth consecutive season.
The 1983 playoffs marked the first time that seven NHL teams based in Canada (Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton, Quebec, Winnipeg, and Calgary) all qualified for the playoffs in the same season. Since the 1967–68 expansion, all the Canadian teams have qualified for the playoffs on five other occasions – 1969 (Montreal and Toronto), 1975, 1976 and 1979 (Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver), and 1986 (the same seven as in 1983), the last time to date (as of 2023) that all active Canadian teams qualified.
In the Wales Conference, the Patrick Division champion Philadelphia Flyers was upset by the New York Rangers in the first round in a three-game sweep. The defending champion Islanders had qualified second in the Patrick Division and defeated the Washington Capitals in the first round in four games and defeated the Rangers in six to qualify for the Conference Final. In the Adams Division, the first place Boston Bruins defeated the Quebec Nordiques and the Buffalo Sabres (who swept the Canadiens in their opening round series) in seven to advance to the Conference Final. In the Conference Final, the Islanders defeated Boston in six games to qualify for their fourth consecutive Cup Finals appearance.
In the Campbell Conference, the Smythe Division first seed Edmonton Oilers swept the Winnipeg Jets in the opening round and defeated the Calgary Flames (who defeated the Vancouver Canucks three games to one in the opening round) in the Smythe Final. The Norris champion Chicago Black Hawks defeated the St. Louis Blues three games to one and the Minnesota North Stars (who defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one in the opening round) in the Norris Final four games to one. Edmonton defeated the Norris Division champion Chicago Black Hawks in a four-game sweep in the Conference Final to advance to the Cup Finals.