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A non-binding Catalan self-determination referendum, also known as the Citizen Participation Process on the Political Future of Catalonia,[1] was held on Sunday, 9 November 2014, to gauge support on the political future of Catalonia. While also referred to as "Catalan independence referendum",[2][3][4] the vote was rebranded as a "participation process" by the Government of Catalonia, after a "non-referendum popular consultation" on the same topic and for the same date had been suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain.[5]
The ballot papers carried two questions: "Do you want Catalonia to become a State?" and "Do you want this State to be independent?" The second question could only be answered by those who had answered Yes to the first one.[6] The Catalan government gave notice on 10 November, the day after voting, that 2,305,290 votes had been cast overall,[7] but it did not provide a percentage figure for the turnout. Estimates for the turnout as published by the news media ranged from 37.0%, as given in The Economist and El País among others,[8][9][10] to 41.6% as per the Catalan government's preliminary data.[11] 80.8% of the cast votes supported the Yes–Yes option, 10.1% the Yes–No, 4.5% the No option.
Holding a referendum about the "political future of Catalonia" in 2014 was one of the items of the governance agreement ratified by Artur Mas from Convergence and Union (CiU) and Oriol Junqueras from Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) on 18 December 2012,[12][13][14][15] that allowed Artur Mas to be voted in as President of the Generalitat of Catalonia for a second term.
On 19 September 2014, the Catalan parliament approved a call for a referendum on independence.[16] Eight days later Artur Mas announced that the vote was to be held on 9 November 2014.[17] The same day the Spanish government announced that it would block the effort by appealing to the Constitutional Court of Spain.[18] The Court decided to hear the Spanish government's case on 29 September 2014, and provisionally suspended the vote.[19] The Catalan Government subsequently announced the "temporary suspension" of the referendum campaign.[20]
On 14 October, Artur Mas proposed a "process of citizen participation" as an alternative to the original referendum.[21] The Spanish government announced that it would also block this effort by appealing to the Constitutional Court, which decided to hear the Spanish government's case on 4 November 2014, and provisionally suspended the vote. The Catalan Government, however, pushed forward with the "citizen participation" process, in defiance of the Constitutional Court,[22] and voting took place as planned on 9 November 2014.
- ^ "9N/2014". Government of Catalonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Catalonia president signs independence referendum decree". BBC News. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ Moffett, Matt (27 September 2014). "Catalan Leader Signs Decree for Independence Referendum". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ "Catalonian leader orders referendum on independence from Spain". Reuters. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ "Non-referendum popular consultation on the political future of Catalonia 2014". Generalitat de Catalunya. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "DECREE 129/2014, of 27 September, on calling the non-referendum popular consultation on the political future of Catalonia" (PDF). Generalitat de Catalunya. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014. Note: The "participation process" that replaced the "non-referendum consultation" maintained the same two questions.
- ^ Generalitat de Catalunya (10 November 2014). "Vol que Catalunya esdevingui un estat? En cas afirmatiu, vol que aquest estat sigui independent?". www.participa2014.cat/resultats/dades/en/escr-tot.html. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
- ^ Pérez, Fernando J.; Ríos, Pere (10 November 2014). "1,8 millones de personas votan por la independencia catalana en el 9-N". El País. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
- ^ "Yes and no". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "The 9 November poll in Catalonia". Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ "Catalonia vote: No smiles for Spain". BBC News. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "CIU and ERC came to an agreement in Catalonia: Referendum in 2014" (in Catalan). VilaWeb. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
- ^ Separatist Catalan Parties Announce Alliance The New York Times, 18 December 2012
- ^ Agreement in Catalonia on date of independence referendum Archived 17 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine Euronews, 19 December 2012
- ^ Catalonia referendum set for 2014 Financial Times, 19 December 2012
- ^ "Catalan parliament approves independence vote". BBC. 19 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
- ^ "Catalonia president signs independence referendum decree". BBC. 27 September 2014.
- ^ Manetto, Francesco (27 September 2014). "Sáenz de Santamaría: "Lamentamos profundamente el error de Mas"". El País. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
- ^ "Spain higher court suspends Catalonia vote". 29 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ "Spain's Constitutional Court suspends Catalan independence referendum". 4 October 2014.
- ^ "'Citizen participation' proposed for cancelled Catalonia referendum". 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ^ "Catalonia maintains November vote despite new suspension of process". 4 November 2014.