23S ribosomal RNA

23S and 5S ribosomal RNAs
23S and 5S rRNAs indicating nucleotide numbers, helix numbers, and domains
Identifiers
Other data
RNA typeGene; rRNA
Domain(s)Bacteria
SOSO:0001263
PDB structuresPDBe
A 3D representation of the ribosome. This is a view of the 3D arrangement of the 23S and 5S rRNA in the Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunit based on a cryo-electron microscopic reconstruction.[1]

The 23S rRNA is a 2,904 nucleotide long (in E. coli) component of the large subunit (50S) of the bacterial/archean ribosome and makes up the peptidyl transferase center (PTC).[2] The 23S rRNA is divided into six secondary structural domains titled I-VI, with the corresponding 5S rRNA being considered domain VII.[3] The ribosomal peptidyl transferase activity resides in domain V of this rRNA, which is also the most common binding site for antibiotics that inhibit translation, making it a target for ribosomal engineering.[2] A well-known member of this antibiotic class, chloramphenicol, acts by inhibiting peptide bond formation, with recent 3D-structural studies showing two different binding sites depending on the species of ribosome. Numerous mutations in domains of the 23S rRNA with Peptidyl transferase activity have resulted in antibiotic resistance.[4] 23S rRNA genes typically have higher sequence variations, including insertions and/or deletions, compared to other rRNAs.[5]

The eukaryotic homolog of the 23S LSU rRNA is the 28S ribosomal RNA, with a region filled by the 5.8S ribosomal RNA.[6]

  1. ^ Mueller F, Sommer I, Baranov P, Matadeen R, Stoldt M, Wöhnert J, Görlach M, van Heel M, Brimacombe R (2000). "The 3D arrangement of the 23 S and 5 S rRNA in the Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal subunit based on a cryo-electron microscopic reconstruction at 7.5 Å resolution". J Mol Biol. 298 (1): 35–59. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3635. PMID 10756104.
  2. ^ a b Walker, Allison S.; Russ, William P.; Ranganathan, Rama; Schepartz, Alanna (2020-08-18). "RNA sectors and allosteric function within the ribosome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (33): 19879–19887. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11719879W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1909634117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7443888. PMID 32747536.
  3. ^ Zerges, William; Hauser, Charles (2009-01-01), Harris, Elizabeth H.; Stern, David B.; Witman, George B. (eds.), "Chapter 28 - Protein Synthesis in the Chloroplast", The Chlamydomonas Sourcebook (Second Edition), London: Academic Press, pp. 967–1025, ISBN 978-0-12-370873-1, retrieved 2021-10-07
  4. ^ Vester, Birte; Long, Katherine S. (2013). Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Caused by Modified Nucleosides in 23S Ribosomal RNA. Landes Bioscience.
  5. ^ Pei A, Nossa CW, Chokshi P, Blaser MJ, Yang L, Rosmarin DM, Pei Z (5 May 2009). "Diversity of 23S rRNA Genes within Individual Prokaryotic Genomes". PLOS ONE. 4 (5): e5437. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5437P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005437. PMC 2672173. PMID 19415112.
  6. ^ Doris, Stephen M.; Smith, Deborah R.; Beamesderfer, Julia N.; Raphael, Benjamin J.; Nathanson, Judith A.; Gerbi, Susan A. (October 2015). "Universal and domain-specific sequences in 23S–28S ribosomal RNA identified by computational phylogenetics". RNA. 21 (10): 1719–1730. doi:10.1261/rna.051144.115. PMC 4574749. PMID 26283689.