2S3 Akatsiya

2S3 (SO-152)
2S3 Akatsiya
Type	Self-propelled artillery
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1971–present
Used by	see Operators
Wars	Soviet–Afghan War Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Civil War in Tajikistan First Chechen War Second Chechen War South Ossetia War First Libyan Civil War Second Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War War in Donbass 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
Designer	Petrov Design Bureau
Designed	1967; 57 years ago (1967)
Manufacturer	Uraltransmash
Produced	1967–1993 (2S3, 2S3M, and 2S3M1)
Variants	see Variants
Specifications
Mass	Maximum: 28 metric tons
Length	Total: 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in) Hull: 7.765 m (25 ft 6 in)
Width	3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
Height	3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) 2.615 m (8 ft 7.0 in) with no machine gun
Crew	4
Breech	semi-automatic vertical wedge
Elevation	−4° to +60°
Traverse	360°
Rate of fire	Sustained: 1  rpm max: 4 rpm
Maximum firing range	Conventional: 18.5 km (11.5 mi) RAP: 24 km (15 mi)
Armor	15 mm (hull) 30 mm (turret and hull front)[1]
Main armament	152.4 mm D-22 howitzer L/27 (46 rounds, maximum)[2][3]
Secondary armament	7.62 mm remotely controlled PKT tank machine gun (1,500 rounds)[3]
Engine	V-59 (12-cylinder 4-stroke V-shaped water-cooled diesel)[2] 520 hp (382.7 kW) at 2,000 rpm[2]
Power/weight	18.9 hp/t (13.92 kW/t)
Transmission	mechanical double-flow, planetary gear-gearbox unit
Suspension	independent torsion bars with hydraulic shock absorbers of 1st and 6th road wheels
Ground clearance	0.45 m (1 ft 6 in)
Fuel capacity	830 liters[2]
Operational range	500 km (310 mi)[2]
Maximum speed	On-road: 63 km/h (39 mph) Off-road: 45 km/h (28 mph)[2]

The SO-152 (Russian: СО-152), usually known by its GRAU designation 2S3 (Russian: 2С3), is a Soviet 152.4 mm self-propelled gun developed in 1968, as a response to the American 155 mm M109 howitzer. Development began in 1967, according to the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from July 4, 1967. In 1968, the SO-152 was completed and in 1971 entered service. The fighting vehicle also received the added designation Akatsiya (Акация), which is Russian for Acacia.