3 Juno

3 Juno
Discovery
Discovered byKarl Ludwig Harding
Discovery date1 September 1804
Designations
(3) Juno
Pronunciation/ˈn/ JOO-noh[1]
Named after
Juno (Latin: Iūno)
Main belt (Juno clump)
AdjectivesJunonian /ˈnniən/[2]
Symbol⚵ (historically astronomical, now astrological)
Orbital characteristics[3]
Epoch 13 September 2023
(JD 2453300.5)
Aphelion3.35 AU (501 million km)
Perihelion1.985 AU (297.0 million km)
2.67 AU (399 million km)
Eccentricity0.2562
4.361 yr
17.93 km/s
37.02°
Inclination12.991°
169.84°
2 April 2023
247.74°
Earth MOID1.04 AU (156 million km)
Proper orbital elements[4]
2.6693661 AU
0.2335060
13.2515192°
82.528181 deg / yr
4.36215 yr
(1593.274 d)
Precession of perihelion
43.635655 arcsec / yr
Precession of the ascending node
−61.222138 arcsec / yr
Physical characteristics
Dimensions(288 × 250 × 225) ± 5 km[5]
(320 × 267 × 200) ± 6 km[6]
254±2 km[5]
246.596±10.594 km[3]
Mass(2.7±0.24)×1019 kg[5]
(2.86±0.46)×1019 kg[7][a]
Mean density
3.15±0.28 g/cm3[5]
3.20±0.56 g/cm3[7]
Equatorial surface gravity
0.112 m/s2 (0.0114 g0)
Equatorial escape velocity
0.168 km/s
7.21 hr[3] (0.3004 d)[8]
Equatorial rotation velocity
31.75 m/s[b]
27° ± 5°[9]
103° ± 5°[9]
0.202[5]
0.238[3][10]
Temperature~163 K
max: 301 K (+28°C)[11]
S[3][12]
7.4[13][14] to 11.55
5.33[3][10]
0.30" to 0.07"

Juno (minor-planet designation: 3 Juno) is a large asteroid in the asteroid belt. Juno was the third asteroid discovered, in 1804, by German astronomer Karl Harding.[15] It is one of the twenty largest asteroids and one of the two largest stony (S-type) asteroids, along with 15 Eunomia. It is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt.[16]

  1. ^ "Juno". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  2. ^ "Junonian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference jpldata was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ "AstDyS-2 Juno Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56
  6. ^ Baer, Jim (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
  7. ^ a b James Baer, Steven Chesley & Robert Matson (2011) "Astrometric masses of 26 asteroids and observations on asteroid porosity." The Astronomical Journal, Volume 141, Number 5
  8. ^ Harris, A. W.; Warner, B. D.; Pravec, P., eds. (2006). "Asteroid Lightcurve Derived Data. EAR-A-5-DDR-DERIVED-LIGHTCURVE-V8.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
  9. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference kaasalainen2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Davis, D. R.; Neese, C., eds. (2002). "Asteroid Albedos. EAR-A-5-DDR-ALBEDOS-V1.1". NASA Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
  11. ^ Lim, Lucy F.; McConnochie, Timothy H.; Bell, James F.; Hayward, Thomas L. (2005). "Thermal infrared (8–13 μm) spectra of 29 asteroids: the Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey". Icarus. 173 (2): 385–408. Bibcode:2005Icar..173..385L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.005.
  12. ^ Neese, C., ed. (2005). "Asteroid Taxonomy.EAR-A-5-DDR-TAXONOMY-V5.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 5 September 2006. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  13. ^ "AstDys (3) Juno Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
  14. ^ "Bright Minor Planets 2005". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 29 September 2008.
  15. ^ Cunningham, Clifford J (2017), Bode's Law and the discovery of Juno : historical studies in asteroid research, Springer, ISBN 978-3-319-32875-1
  16. ^ Pitjeva, E. V. (2005). "High-Precision Ephemerides of Planets—EPM and Determination of Some Astronomical Constants" (PDF). Solar System Research. 39 (3): 176. Bibcode:2005SoSyR..39..176P. doi:10.1007/s11208-005-0033-2. S2CID 120467483. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008.


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