620s

The 620s decade ran from January 1, 620, to December 31, 629.

Events

620

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Byzantine Empire
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Britain
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Asia
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America
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  • The town of Cholula is founded in central Mexico (later said to be the oldest continuously occupied town in all of North America).

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Religion
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621

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Asia
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Religion
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Technology
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  • The Chinese establish an imperial bureau for the manufacture of porcelain. Their technology will advance further under the Tang dynasty (approximate date).

622

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Byzantine Empire
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Asia
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Central America
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Religion
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  • September 9[5] or June 17[6] – The Islamic prophet Muhammad, after being warned of a plot to assassinate him, secretly leaves his home in Mecca to make the Hijrah (emigrate) to Yathrib (later renamed by him Medina), along with his companion Abu Bakr. They take refuge in the Cave of Thawr south of Mecca for three days, departing on September 13 or June 21.
  • September 20[5] or June 28[6] – Muhammad does not enter Yathrib directly, but stops at its outlying environs of Quba. He establishes the Quba Mosque here, the first mosque of Islam. On July 2 (or September 24) he makes his first visit to Yathrib for Friday prayers.
  • October 4[5] or July 13 – After a fourteen days' stay in Quba, Muhammad finally moves from Quba to Yathrib, and is greeted cordially by its people. Here he drafts the Constitution of Medina, an agreement between the various Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan tribal communities in the city, forming the basis of a multi-religious Islamic state, and begins construction of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Mosque. Later during the caliphate of Umar in 638, the lunar year during which the emigration to Medina occurred (Friday 16 July 622 – 4 July 623) is designated "Year One" of the new Hijri era (Anno Hegirae – AH).
  • Xuanzang is fully ordained as a Buddhist monk at the age of 20.[7]

623

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Asia
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By topic

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Art
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Religion
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624

By date

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January–June
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July–December
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By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Britain
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Asia
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By topic

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625

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Britain
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Asia
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By topic

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Religion
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626

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Britain
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Persia
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  • Summer – King Khosrau II plans an all-out effort against Constantinople. He returns to Anatolia with two armies of unknown size, presumably more than 50,000 men each. One of these (possibly commanded by Khosrau himself) is to contain Heraclius in Pontus; another under Shahin Vahmanzadegan is defeated by Theodore.
Asia
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627

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Britain
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Arabia
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By topic

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Religion
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Education
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628

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Byzantine Empire
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Britain
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Persia
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Arabia
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By topic

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Arts and sciences
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Education
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Religion
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  • Muhammad's letters to world leaders explain the principles of the new monotheistic Muslim faith, as they will be contained in his book, the Quran.

629

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Britain
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Arabia
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Asia
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Americas
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By topic

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Religion
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  1. ^ Fine 1991, p. 36.
  2. ^ Fine 1991, p. 42.
  3. ^ Roger Collins, "Visigothic Spain 409–711", p. 76
  4. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 116.
  5. ^ a b c Shamsi, F. A. (1984). "The Date of Hijrah". Islamic Studies. 23: 189–224, 289–323.
  6. ^ a b Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman (2001). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. pp. 51–52.
  7. ^ Howgego, Raymond John (2003). Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800. Hordern House. p. 522. ISBN 978-1-875567-36-2.
  8. ^ Rome at War (AD 293–696), p. 61. Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-359-4
  9. ^ Fine 1991, p. 43.
  10. ^ a b Watt, W. Montgomery (1974). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 0-19-881078-4.
  11. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, ch. 197.
  12. ^ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah [The Life of Muhammad], transl. Guillaume, p. 363.
  13. ^ The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (A.D. 226-363): A Documentary History, ed. by Michael H. Dodgeon (Routledge, 1991) p.290
  14. ^ Old Book of Tang, vol. 56.[1]
  15. ^ Walter E. Kaegi, Heraclius, emperor of Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p.126
  16. ^ E. B. Fryde; D. E. Greenway (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 213. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  17. ^ Ilkka Syvänne, Military History of Late Rome 602–641 (Pen & Sword Books, 2022) pp.163-165
  18. ^ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 331
  19. ^ Ahmet, Taşağil (1995–2004). Gök-Türkler. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 975161113X. OCLC 33892575.
  20. ^ Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, p. 56. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  21. ^ Braswell, Geoffrey E.; Christian M. Pager; Cassandra R. Bill; Sonja A. Schwake; Jennifer B. Braswell (2004). "The Rise of Secondary States in the Southeastern Periphery of the Maya World". Ancient Mesoamerica. 15: 219–233. doi:10.1017/s0956536104040143. S2CID 1562928.
  22. ^ Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri (1976). Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum [The Sealed Nectar]. Darussalam Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59144-070-3.
  23. ^ al-Baladhuri (1996), Jumal min Ansab al-Ashraf, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon.
  24. ^ J. M. B. Jones (1957). "The Chronology of the "Mag̱ẖāzī"-- A Textual Survey". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 19 (2): 248. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0013304X. JSTOR 610242.
  25. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 127.
  26. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 128.
  27. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 129.
  28. ^ a b Kaegi 2003, p. 131.
  29. ^ The Walls of Constantinople AD 324–1453, p. 47. Stephen Turnbull, 2004. ISBN 978-1-84176-759-8
  30. ^ Bede Book II, Chapter IX.
  31. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A (ASC A), 626
  32. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 144.
  33. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 167.
  34. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 173.
  35. ^ Oman, Charles (1893), Europe, 476–918, Volume 1 (p. 211)
  36. ^ Norwich, John Julius (1997), A Short History of Byzantium, Vintage Books, p. 93. ISBN 0-679-77269-3
  37. ^ Watt, Muhammad at Medina, p. 36
  38. ^ Bede Book II, Chapter XIV.
  39. ^ "St. Columbanus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company (1913)
  40. ^ Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003), "Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium", Cambridge University Press, p. 178, 189–190. ISBN 0-521-81459-6
  41. ^ Christian 283; Artamanov, p. 170–180
  42. ^ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
  43. ^ Palmer, Alan & Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 30–34. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  44. ^ Rodney Aist, The Christian Topography of Early Islamic Jerusalem, Brepols Publishers (2009), p. 59