A Clockwork Orange (film)

A Clockwork Orange
American theatrical release poster by Bill Gold
Directed byStanley Kubrick
Screenplay byStanley Kubrick
Based onA Clockwork Orange
by Anthony Burgess
Produced byStanley Kubrick
Starring
CinematographyJohn Alcott
Edited byBill Butler
Music byWendy Carlos[a]
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. (US)
Columbia-Warner Distributors (UK)
Release dates
  • 19 December 1971 (1971-12-19) (New York City)
  • 13 January 1972 (1972-01-13) (United Kingdom[1])
  • 2 February 1972 (1972-02-02) (United States)
Running time
136 minutes[2]
Countries
  • United Kingdom[3]
  • United States[3]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$1.3 million[4]
Box office$114 million[4]

A Clockwork Orange is a 1971 dystopian crime film adapted, produced, and directed by Stanley Kubrick, based on Anthony Burgess's 1962 novel. It employs disturbing and violent themes to comment on psychiatry, juvenile delinquency, youth gangs, and other social, political, and economic subjects in a dystopian near-future Britain.

Alex (Malcolm McDowell), the central character, is a charismatic,[5] anti-social delinquent whose interests include classical music (especially that of Beethoven), committing rape, theft, and "ultra-violence". He leads a small gang of thugs, Pete (Michael Tarn), Georgie (James Marcus), and Dim (Warren Clarke), whom he calls his droogs (from the Russian word друг, which is "friend", "buddy"). The film chronicles the horrific crime spree of his gang, his capture, and attempted rehabilitation via an experimental psychological conditioning technique (the "Ludovico Technique") promoted by the Minister of the Interior (Anthony Sharp). Alex narrates most of the film in Nadsat, a fractured adolescent slang composed of Slavic languages (especially Russian), English, and Cockney rhyming slang.

The film premiered in New York City on 19 December 1971 and was released in the United Kingdom on 13 January 1972. The film was met with polarised reviews from critics and was controversial due to its depictions of graphic violence. After it was cited as having inspired copycat acts of violence, the film was withdrawn from British cinemas at Kubrick's behest, and it was also banned in several other countries. In the years following, the film underwent a critical re-evaluation and gained a cult following. It received several awards and nominations, with four nominations at the 44th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

In the British Film Institute's 2012 Sight & Sound polls of the world's greatest films, A Clockwork Orange was ranked 75th in the directors' poll and 235th in the critics' poll. In 2020, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".


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  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference UKgross was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "A Clockwork Orange". BBFC. 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  3. ^ a b "A Clockwork Orange (1971)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Kubrick Keeps 'em in Dark with 'Eyes Wide Shut'". Los Angeles Times. 29 September 1998. p. 2. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  5. ^ Romney, Jonathan (8 January 2012). "A Clockwork Orange at 40". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2023.