Abu'l-Hasan Sani al-Mulk

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Abu'l-Hasan Ghaffari Kashani Sani al-Mulk
ابوالحسن غفاری صنیع‌الملک
Self-portrait of Abu'l-Hasan Khan Ghaffari Kashani
Born	Abu'l-Hasan Ghaffari Kashani 1814 Iran
Died	1866 Iran
Era	Qajar Iran
Employer	Qajar Royal Court
Known for	Painting
Title	Khan
Children	Asadollah Khan, Seyfollah Khan, Yahya Khan
Father	Mirza Mohammad Ghaffari

Abu'l-Hasan Khan Ghaffari Kashani (Persian: ابوالحسن غفاری; 1814–1866) was an Iranian painter, miniature and lacquer artist, and book illustrator. When he became the Chief Court Painter, he also became known as Sani al-Mulk (صنیع‌الملک), meaning "The Crafter of the Kingdom." He was a student of Mihr Ali and a court painter in Mohammad Shah Qajar's court. After being dismissed as a court painter, he went to Europe to study, most notably in Italy. When he returned to Iran, he became the Director of Printing and Chief Illustrator for Nasir al-Din Shah and earned the separate title Chief Court Painter.^[1] He supervised the illustration of a famous One Thousand and One Nights manuscript, which can be viewed today in Tehran in the Golestan Palace Library.^[2]