Acetone cyanohydrin

Acetone cyanohydrin
Skeletal formula of acetone cyanohydrin
Ball and stick model of acetone cyanohydrin
Ball and stick model of acetone cyanohydrin
Spacefill model of acetone cyanohydrin
Spacefill model of acetone cyanohydrin
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile[2]
Other names
  • Cyanohydrin-2-propanone[1]
  • α-Hydroxyisobutyronitrile[1]
  • 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propionitrile[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3DMet
605391
ChEBI
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.828 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 200-909-4
KEGG
MeSH acetone+cyanohydrin
RTECS number
  • OD9275000
UNII
UN number 1541
  • InChI=1S/C4H7NO/c1-4(2,6)3-5/h6H,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CC(C)(O)C#N
Properties
C4H7NO
Molar mass 85.106 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 932 mg·mL−1
Melting point −21.2 °C; −6.3 °F; 251.9 K
Boiling point 95 °C; 203 °F; 368 K
Vapor pressure 2 kPa (at 20 °C)
1.399
Thermochemistry
−121.7 to −120.1 kJ·mol−1
−2.4514 to −2.4498 MJ·mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS06: Toxic GHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H300, H310, H330, H410
P260, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
1
2
Flash point 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Explosive limits 2.25–11%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 15.8 mg·kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 18.65 mg·kg−1 (oral, rat)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 None[1]
REL (Recommended)
 C 1 ppm (4 mg·m−3) [15-minute][1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Safety data sheet (SDS) fishersci.com
Related compounds
Related alkanenitriles
Related compounds
 DBNPA
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. It liberates hydrogen cyanide easily, so it is used as a source of such. For this reason, this cyanohydrin is also highly toxic.

  1. ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0005". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ "acetone cyanohydrin - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification. Retrieved 8 June 2012.