Adal (historical region)

This article is about the ancient region in the Horn of Africa. For the sultanate, see Adal Sultanate.

Adal (Harari: አዳል; Somali: Awdal), known as Awdal or Aw Abdal[1][2] was a historical Muslim state and later region in the Horn of Africa.[3][4] Located east of Ifat and the Awash river as far as the coast, and including Harar as well as Zeila.[5][6][7][8]The Zeila state often denoted Adal and other Muslim dominions in medieval texts.[9]

  1. ^ ABUBAKER, ABDULMALIK. THE RELEVANCY OF HARARI VALUES IN SELF REGULATION AND AS A MECHANISM OF BEHAVIORAL CONTROL: HISTORICAL ASPECTS (PDF). The University of Alabama. p. 44.
  2. ^ Kaplan Irving. Area Handbook for Somalia. p. 18.
  3. ^ Adal. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia Americana. Americana Corporation. p. 255.
  5. ^ Shillington, Kevin (28 August 2018). History of Africa. Macmillan Education UK. p. 128. ISBN 9781137524812.
  6. ^ Adal A-C. Encyclopedia Aethiopica. p. 846.
  7. ^ Gates, Henry (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 430. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9.
  8. ^ Dubov, Kalman (2021-12-21). In the Shadows of the Christian See: Maintaining Integrity in the Face of Challenge. Kalman Dubov.
  9. ^ Brill, E. J. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. A - Bābā Beg · Volume 1. Brill. p. 126. ISBN 9789004097872.