Adam Mickiewicz

"Mickiewicz" redirects here. For the surname, see Mickiewicz (surname). For the crater on Mercury, see Mickiewicz (crater).

Adam Mickiewicz
Mickiewicz, c. 1842
Mickiewicz, c. 1842
BornAdam Bernard Mickiewicz
(1798-12-24)24 December 1798
Zaosie, Lithuania Governorate, Russian Empire
Died26 November 1855(1855-11-26) (aged 56)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Resting placeWawel Cathedral, Kraków
Occupation
  • Poet
  • dramatist
  • essayist
  • professor of literature
LanguagePolish
GenreRomanticism
Notable worksPan Tadeusz
Dziady
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1834; died 1855)​
Children6
Signature

Adam Bernard Mickiewicz[a] (24 December 1798 – 26 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukrainian literature.[1] A principal figure in Polish Romanticism, he is one of Poland's "Three Bards" (Polish: Trzej Wieszcze)[2] and is widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet.[3][4][5] He is also considered one of the greatest Slavic[6] and European[7] poets and has been dubbed a "Slavic bard".[8] A leading Romantic dramatist,[9] he has been compared in Poland and Europe to Byron and Goethe.[8][9]

He is known chiefly for the poetic drama Dziady (Forefathers' Eve) and the national epic poem Pan Tadeusz. His other influential works include Konrad Wallenrod and Grażyna. All these served as inspiration for uprisings against the three imperial powers that had partitioned the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth out of existence.

Mickiewicz was born in the Russian-partitioned territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which had been part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and was active in the struggle to win independence for his home region. After, as a consequence, spending five years exiled to central Russia, in 1829 he succeeded in leaving the Russian Empire and, like many of his compatriots, lived out the rest of his life abroad. He settled first in Rome, then in Paris, where for a little over three years he lectured on Slavic literature at the Collège de France. He was an activist, striving for a democratic and independent Poland. He died, probably of cholera, at Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire, where he had gone to help organize Polish forces to fight Russia in the Crimean War.

In 1890, his remains were repatriated from Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, in France, to Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, Poland.


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  1. ^ Франко, І.Я. (1980) [1885]. "Адам Міцкевич в українській літературі" [Adam Mickiewicz in Ukrainian literature]. Зібрання творів у 50-и томах (in Ukrainian). Vol. 26. Київ: Наукова думка. pp. 384–390.
  2. ^ "Poland's Famous Poets". Polish-dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference mickiewicz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference mickiewicz1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cornis-PopeNeubauer2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference PomorskaBaran1992 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference budowniczowie was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference fra was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference tm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).