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Adhocracy is a flexible, adaptable, and informal form of organization defined by a lack of formal structure and employs specialized multidisciplinary teams grouped by function. It operates in a fashion opposite to bureaucracy.[1] Warren Bennis coined the term in his 1968 book The Temporary Society.[2] Alvin Toffler popularized the term in 1970 with his book, Future Shock, and has since become often used in the management theory of organizations (particularly online organizations[3]). The concept has been further developed by academics such as Henry Mintzberg.
Adhocracy is the system of adaptive, creative, and flexible integrative behavior based on non-permanence and spontaneity. These characteristics are believed to allow adhocracy to respond faster than traditional bureaucratic organizations while being more open to new ideas.[4]