Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale
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The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist is a self-reported questionnaire used to assist in the diagnosis of adult ADHD. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurological disorder that can present itself not only in childhood, but also adolescence and adulthood. Adults with ADHD may experience difficulties in relation to cognitive, academic, occupational, social and economic situations.[1]

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can present itself in adolescence and adulthood. Adults with ADHD may experience difficulties in relation to cognitive, academic, occupational, social and economic situations.[2] Several types of ADHD can present in Adults including inattentive ADHD, Hyperactivity, Impulsive ADHD, and Combined type. Inattentive types have difficulty to paying attention to details and make careless mistakes. Hyperactive type may talk a lot or have behavior issues. Impulsive types might also act out or interrupt conversations. Combined type have a combination of symptoms.

ADHD has no single cause but can be genetically inherited in many cases, and roughly 76% of those diagnosed inherited it from their parent(s). For the remaining percentage of individuals, 14-15%, ADHD may have been caused due to their environment, such as trauma in the womb or during birth.[1] Changes in the genes that influence the neurochemicals serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels can cause them to be overactive or under active, possibly playing a role in the development of an individual with ADHD.[3] It has also been shown that activity in the frontal lobe is decreased in an individual with ADHD compared to an individual without ADHD.[1] The Adult ADHD Self-Reporting Scale (ASRS) was created to estimate the pervasiveness of an adult with ADHD in an easy self survey.[4]

The ASRS was developed in conjunction with the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Workgroup on Adult ADHD which included researchers from New York University Medical School and Harvard Medical School. The ASRS has eighteen questions, which are consistent with the DSM-IV[5] criteria and address ADHD symptoms in adults. The six question ASRS Screener was later developed as a subset of the WHO's eighteen question ASRS. At least one study has found that the six question ASRS Screener outperformed the eighteen question ASRS in diagnosing ADHD in the general population.[6]

ASRS has been translated to other languages including Spanish and Chinese.[7][8] Conducted research proved that the scale is a valid and useful tool for the screening of adult ADHD.[9] The ASRS was externally validated on approximately 60 adult patients, and showed high internal consistency and high concurrent validity with the physician-administered ADHD rating system.[9]

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  5. ^ American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 85–93. OCLC 43483668.
  6. ^ Kessler, Ronald C.; Adler, Lenard; Ames, Minnie; et al. (February 2005). "The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population". Psychological Medicine. 35 (2): 245–56. doi:10.1017/S0033291704002892. PMID 15841682. S2CID 2338488.
  7. ^ Yeh, Chin-Bin; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen; Kessler, Ronald C.; Wu, Yu-Yu (March 2008). "Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the adult ADHD Self-report Scale". International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 17 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1002/mpr.241. PMC 6878254. PMID 18286465.
  8. ^ Ramos-Quiroga, JA; Daigre, C; Valero, S; Bosch, R; Gómez-Barros, N; Nogueira, M; Palomar, G; Roncero, C; Casas, M (1 May 2009). "Validación al español de la escala de cribado del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en adultos (ASRS v. 1.1): una nueva estrategia de puntuación" [Validation of the Spanish version of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adult screening scale (ASRS v. 1.1): a novel scoring strategy]. Revista de Neurología (in Spanish). 48 (9): 449–52. doi:10.33588/rn.4809.2008677. PMID 19396760.
  9. ^ a b Adler, Lenard A.; Spencer, Thomas; Faraone, Stephen V.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Howes, Mary J.; Biederman, Joseph; Secnik, Kristina (July 2006). "Validity of Pilot Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to Rate Adult ADHD Symptoms". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 18 (3): 145–148. doi:10.1080/10401230600801077. PMID 16923651. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2020-04-22.