Clade of birds
Aequornithes (, from Latin aequor , expanse of water + Greek ornithes , birds), or core water birds ,[ 6] are defined in the PhyloCode as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Pelecanus onocrotalus and Gavia immer ".[ 3] [ 7]
The monophyly of the group is currently supported by several molecular phylogenetic studies.[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11]
Aequornithes includes the clades Gaviiformes , Sphenisciformes , Procellariiformes , Ciconiiformes , Suliformes and Pelecaniformes . It does not include several unrelated groups of aquatic birds such as flamingos and grebes (Mirandornithes ), shorebirds , gulls , and auks (Charadriiformes ), or the Anseriformes (waterfowl).
Based on a whole-genome analysis of the bird orders, the kagu and sunbittern (Eurypygiformes ) and the three species of tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes ) together styled as the Eurypygimorphae are the closest sister group of the Aequornithes,[ 6] in a clade later named Phaethoquornithes .[ 12]
^ Slack, Kerryn E.; Jones, Craig M.; Ando, Tatsuro; Harrison, G.L. "Abby"; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Arnason, Ulfur; Penny, David (2006). "Early Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution . 23 (#6): 1144–1155. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.113.4549 . doi :10.1093/molbev/msj124 . PMID 16533822 . Supplementary Material Archived December 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 38 : 108–127. doi :10.1093/molbev/msaa191 . PMC 7783168 . PMID 32781465 .
^ a b Mayr, Gerald (2011). "Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties – a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds" . Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research . 49 (1): 58–76. doi :10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x .
^ Sangster, G.; Braun, E.L.; Johansson, U.S.; Kimball, R.T.; Mayr, G.; Suh, A. (2022). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds" . Avian Research . 13 : 100027. doi :10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027 .
^ Sangster, G.; Mayr, G. (2021). "Feraequornithes: a name for the clade formed by Procellariiformes, Sphenisciformes, Ciconiiformes, Suliformes and Pelecaniformes (Aves)" . Vertebrate Zoology . 71 : 49–53. doi :10.3897/vertebrate-zoology.71.e61728 .
^ a b Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (12 December 2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds" . Science . 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode :2014Sci...346.1320J . doi :10.1126/science.1253451 . PMC 4405904 . PMID 25504713 .
^ Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022-01-01). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds" (PDF) . Avian Research . 13 : 100027. Bibcode :2022AvRes..1300027S . doi :10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027 . ISSN 2053-7166 .
^ Hackett, S.J.; et al. (27 June 2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history". Science . 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode :2008Sci...320.1763H . doi :10.1126/science.1157704 . PMID 18583609 . S2CID 6472805 .
^ Yuri, T.; et al. (2013). "Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals" . Biology . 2 (1): 419–444. doi :10.3390/biology2010419 . PMC 4009869 . PMID 24832669 .
^ Kimball, R.T.; et al. (December 2013). "Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life". Mol Phylogenet Evol . 69 (3): 1021–32. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029 . PMID 23791948 .
^ Kuramoto, T.; et al. (2015). "Determining the Position of Storks on the Phylogenetic Tree of Waterbirds by Retroposon Insertion Analysis" . Genome Biology and Evolution . 7 (12): 3180–3189. doi :10.1093/gbe/evv213 . PMC 4700946 . PMID 26527652 .
^ Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds" . Avian Research . 13 : 100027. doi :10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027 . S2CID 247988800 .