| Āfāqī Khoja revolts | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Qing victory over the Āfāqīs in Kashgar, 1828 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Qing dynasty Qara Taghliqs (Ishāqis Khojas) Hunza Princely State[1] |
Kokand Khanate Aq Taghliqs (Āfāqī Khojas) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Qianlong Emperor Jiaqing Emperor Daoguang Emperor Xianfeng Emperor Tongzhi Emperor Changling[3] Mir Ghazanfur[4] |
Jāhangīr Khoja Yusuf Khoja Katta Tore Wālī Khān Kichik Khan Tawakkul Tore Buzurg Khan Suranchi Biy | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
Eight Banners Manchu bannermen Green Standard Army Han Chinese militia Hui Chinese militia Ishāqis Turkic followers Hunza Burusho soldiers |
Āfāqī Turkic followers Dolan people[5] | ||||||
In 1759, the Qing dynasty of China defeated the Dzungar Khanate and completed the conquest of Dzungaria. Concurrent with this conquest, the Qing occupied the Altishahr region in modern southern Xinjiang, which had been settled by Muslims who followed the political and religious leadership of Afaq Khoja.[6][7]
After the Qing conquest, the Chinese began to incorporate Altishahr and the Tarim Basin into their empire. The territory along with Dzungaria came to be known as Xinjiang. Although the followers of Afaq Khoja known as the Āfāqī Khojas resisted Qing rule, their rebellion was put down and the khojas were removed from power.[8]
Beginning at that time and lasting for approximately one hundred years, the Āfāqī Khojas waged numerous military campaigns in an effort to retake Altishahr from the Qing.
- ^ Biddulph (1880), p. 28.
- ^ Levi (2017), pp. 135–147.
- ^ Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period.
- ^ Woodman (1969), p. 90f.
- ^ Bellér-Hann (2008), p. 21f.
- ^ Dupuy (1993), pp. 769 and 869.
- ^ Levi (2017), p. 16.
- ^ Levi (2017), pp. 37–38.