Agriculture in Turkey

This article is about farming since the creation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. For earlier farming on that land, see Fertile Crescent and Economic history of the Ottoman Empire § Agriculture. For trees grown for timber, see Forest in Turkey. For enjoyment of farm products, see Turkish cuisine.

Large field of light brown grain with a combine harvester in the middle and trees in the distance under a blue sky with some small clouds
Wheat harvest in Sivas Province
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Agriculture is still an important sector of Turkey's economy, and the country is one of the world's top ten agricultural producers.[1] Wheat, sugar beet, milk, poultry, cotton, vegetables and fruit are major products;[2] and Turkey is the world's largest grower of hazelnuts,[3] apricots,[2] and oregano.[4]

Half of Turkey's land is agricultural,[2] and farming employs about 15% of the workforce,[5] but under half a million farmers.[6][7] It provides about 10% of exports[8] and over 5% of gross domestic product (GDP).[9] Over 380 billion lira of agricultural subsidy is budgeted for 2024.[10]

Despite being a major food producer, Turkey is a net wheat importer, much of it coming from Russia and Ukraine.[11] Turkey is the European Union (EU)'s fourth largest vegetable supplier and the seventh largest fruit supplier. Turkey would like to extend the EU Customs Union Agreement to agricultural products.[12]

Around half of Turkey's agricultural greenhouse gas is due to cattle.[a] According to the World Bank, the sector should adapt more to climate change in Turkey and make technical improvements.[6] Strategic planning is the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, but no plan for 2024 onwards has yet been published.[14][15] Almost all the seeds used in Turkey are produced domestically.[16]

  1. ^ "Türkiye". International Fund for Agricultural Development. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "Turkey – Country Commercial Guide". International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. 26 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Hazelnuts: Turkey remains top producer". Mundus Agri. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  4. ^ Uğural, İsmail (29 March 2023). "Türkiye supplies 80% of world production of Oregano". Turkish Agrinews. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  5. ^ "Labour Force Statistics, 2022". Turkstat. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Turkey's farmers battle with soaring costs and mounting debt". Financial Times. 4 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Number of farmers in Turkey plummets below half a million". Gazete Duvar. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  8. ^ "World Bank Provides $341 Million Boost to Advance Green and Competitive Growth of Turkey's Agricultural Sector". World Bank. 30 March 2022.
  9. ^ "Gayri̇ Safi̇ Yurti̇çi̇ Hasila Değerler" [Gross Domestic Product Values] (PDF). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Turkey).
  10. ^ "Turkey to privatize highways, bridges, and hydroelectric power plants to reduce current account deficit". Gercek News. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  11. ^ Gostev, Aleksandr; Liklikadze, Koba (30 April 2022). "Analysis: Erdogan Hoping Russian Invasion Of Ukraine Can Bolster Turkish Regional Power". Radio Free Europe.
  12. ^ Valero, Jorge (2 August 2023). "EU and Turkey Discuss Easing Trade Relations Amid Warmer Ties". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  13. ^ "Türkiye. 2023 National Inventory Report (NIR)". unfccc.int. Turkstat. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  14. ^ "Kamuda Stratejik Yönetim |". www.sp.gov.tr. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  15. ^ 2019–23 strategic plan (updated in 2022) (PDF) (Report). Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
  16. ^ "Bakan Pakdemirli: 'Ülkemizde kullanılan tohumlukların yüzde 96'sı yurt içinde üretilmektedir'" [Minister Pakdemirli: '96 percent of the seeds used in our country are produced domestically']. gazete banka. 21 December 2021.


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