Pseudomonas tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Duggar 1909
Phytomonas tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Bergey et al. 1923
Polymonas tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1900) Lieske 1928
Heterotypic synonyms
Agrobacterium fabacearum Delamuta et al 2020[5] (by ANI)[3]
Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942 (Approved Lists 1980) is NOT a synonym.[2] The two used to be synonimized[6] on the basis of an unjustified type strain change in the Approved Lists of 1980, now reverted.[2]
Agrobacterium tumefaciens[3][2] (also known as Rhizobium radiobacter) is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative soil bacterium.[4] Symptoms are caused by the insertion of a small segment of DNA (known as T-DNA, for 'transfer DNA', not to be confused with tRNA that transfers amino acids during protein synthesis), from a plasmid into the plant cell,[9] which is incorporated at a semi-random location into the plant genome. Plant genomes can be engineered by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an Alphaproteobacterium of the family Rhizobiaceae, which includes the nitrogen-fixinglegumesymbionts. Unlike the nitrogen-fixing symbionts, tumor-producing Agrobacterium species are pathogenic and do not benefit the plant. The wide variety of plants affected by Agrobacterium makes it of great concern to the agriculture industry.[10]
Agrobacterium tumefaciens grows optimally at 28 °C (82 °F). The doubling time can range from 2.5–4h depending on the media, culture format, and level of aeration.[12] At temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F), A. tumefaciens begins to experience heat shock which is likely to result in errors in cell division.[12]
^ abcdeArahal DR, Bull CT, Busse HJ, Christensen H, Chuvochina M, Dedysh SN, Fournier PE, Konstantinidis KT, Parker CT, Rossello-Mora R, Ventosa A, Göker M (27 April 2023). "Judicial Opinions 123–127". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 72 (12). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005708. hdl:10261/295959. PMID36748499. [N.B.: Judicial Opinion 127 assigns the strain ATCC 4720 as the type strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.]
^Chilton MD, Drummond MH, Merlo DJ, Sciaky D, Montoya AL, Gordon MP, Nester EW (June 1977). "Stable incorporation of plasmid DNA into higher plant cells: the molecular basis of crown gall tumorigenesis". Cell. 11 (2): 263–271. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(77)90043-5. ISSN0092-8674. PMID890735. S2CID7533482.
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