Ahmarian

Ahmarian culture
Ahmarian is located in Near East
Ahmarian culture
Ahmarian culture
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Map showing the approximate location of the Ahmarian culture
Geographical rangeLevant
PeriodUpper Paleolithic
Datesc. 46,000 – c. 42,000 BP
Preceded byAterian, Emiran, Bohunician
Followed byLevantine Aurignacian
Châtelperronian
Aurignacian (Europe)

The Ahmarian culture[1][2][3][4][5][6] was a Paleolithic archeological industry in the Levant dated at 46,000–42,000 years before present (BP) and thought to be related to Levantine Emiran and younger European Aurignacian cultures.

The word "Ahmarian" was adopted from the archaeological site of Erq el-Ahmar (also written Erk el Ahmar), West Bank, Palestine, a rockshelter in the Judean Desert in the northern Dead Sea Rift.[7] It was explored and excavated by French Prehistorian René Neuville in 1951.[8] The "Ahmarian" category had only been recognized since the 1980s, and was previously designated as "Phase II Upper Paleolithic" or "Ksar Akil Phase B".[9][10]

  1. ^ "Archaeologists carbon dated a cave in Israel to reveal details about the two first modern human cultures". Newsweek. 28 December 2017.
  2. ^ Kadowaki, Seiji; Omori, Takayuki; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro (2015). "Variability in Early Ahmarian lithic technology and its implications for the model of a Levantine origin of the Protoaurignacian". Journal of Human Evolution. 82: 67–87. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.017. PMID 25924809.
  3. ^ Goring-Morris, Nigel; Belfer-Cohen, Anna (2018). "The Ahmarian in the Context of the Earlier Upper Palaeolithic in the Near East". The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. pp. 87–104. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_7. ISBN 978-981-10-6825-6.
  4. ^ Gilead, Isaac (1991). "The Upper Paleolithic period in the Levant". Journal of World Prehistory. 5 (2): 105–154. doi:10.1007/BF00974677. S2CID 163984548.
  5. ^ Akazawa, Takeru; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Aoki, Kenichi (16 December 2013). Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1: Cultural Perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9784431545118 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Akazawa, Takeru (6 December 2017). The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. Springer. ISBN 9789811068263.
  7. ^ Marder, Ofer; Yeshurun, Reuven; Smithline, Howard; Ackermann, Oren; Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef; Belfer-Cohen, Anna; Grosman, Leore; Hershkovitz, Israel; Klein, Noa, "Hof Shahaf", Natufian Foragers in the Levant, Berghahn Books, pp. 505–526, doi:10.2307/j.ctv8bt33h.35, retrieved 2023-12-19
  8. ^ Shea, John J. (2013). Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9781107006980.
  9. ^ Shea, John J. (2013). Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9781107006980.
  10. ^ Shea, John. (PDF) Selected Figures from Chapter 5. Upper Paleolithic | John Shea - Academia.edu.