Ahruf

According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel (Jibril) in seven ahruf (Arabic: أَحْرُف, romanized: aḥruf, singular: ḥarf), translated variously as "styles", "ways",^[1] "forms" and "modes".^[2] Islamic scholars agree that the ahruf were styles used by the early Muslims to recite the Quran.^[3]

The Islamic Caliph Uthman compiled the Quran using one of the ahruf during the 7th century, and the other ahruf fell out of use.^[4] The ahruf are distinct from the qira'at, which are methods of pronouncing the Quran that also go back to Muhammad according to the Hadith.^[5]

^ Khatib, Ammar; Khan, Nazir (23 August 2019). "The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an". Yaqeen Institute.
^ Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 29–30.
^ Dutton 2012, p. 21.
^ Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 28-29.
^ Cite error: The named reference ri-28-29 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:3-1] Khatib, Ammar; Khan, Nazir (23 August 2019). "The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an". Yaqeen Institute.

[ri-29-30-2] Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 29–30.

[3] Dutton 2012, p. 21.

[4] Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 28-29.

[ri-28-29-5] Cite error: The named reference ri-28-29 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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