Al-Jarud

Remains of carved stucco wall decorations found at Kharab Sayyar, identified with al-Jarud.

al-Jārūd was a small city in the Wadi Hamar area, about 40 km east of the Balikh River in present-day Syria, inhabited during the 9th century.[1][2] It is identified with Kharāb Sayyār, a ruin covering 42 hectares. The remains of its rectangular-shaped fortification with protruding half-round towers are the most prominent feature.[1][2][3][4] At its peak, during the mid-9th century, al-Jarud was a minor regional center situated along an east-west running traffic and trading route and was embedded in a well settled, agricultural landscape. At least 60 contemporary settlements have been identified within a 13 km radius.[1][2]

  1. ^ a b c Heidemann, Stefan (2009). "Settlement Patterns, Economic Development and Archaeological Coin Finds in Bilad al-Sham: the Case of the Diyar Mudar - The Process of Transformation from the 6th to the 10th Century A.D." (PDF). Orient-Archäologie. 24: 493–516. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Heidemann, Stefan (2011). "The Agricultural Hinterland of Baghdad, al-Raqqa and Samarra': Settlement Patterns in the Diyar Muḍar". In Borrut, A.; Debié, M.; Papaconstantinou, A.; Pieri, D.; Sodini, J.-P. (eds.). Le Proche-Orient de Justinien aux Abbasides: Peuplement et Dynamiques Spatiales. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978-2-503-53572-2. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  3. ^ De Jong, Lidewijde (2012). "Resettling the Steppe: the archaeology of the Balikh Valley in the Early Islamic period". In Matthews, Roger; Curtis, John (eds.). Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 517–31. ISBN 978-3-447-06685-3. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  4. ^ Würz, Michael (2018). Organizing an urban way of life in the steppe: water, agriculture, townscape and economy in the early Islamic town of Kharab Sayyar (Thesis). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. ISBN 9783954902743.