Alberto Fujimori

Alberto Fujimori
Alberto Fujimori
藤森謙也
	Fujimori in 1991
54th President of Peru
	In office; 28 July 1990 – 22 November 2000
Prime Minister	See list Juan Carlos Hurtado Miller ; Carlos Torres y Torres Lara ; Alfonso de los Heros ; Óscar de la Puente Raygada ; Alfonso Bustamante ; Efraín Goldenberg ; Dante Córdova Blanco ; Alberto Pandolfi ; Javier Valle Riestra ; Víctor Joy Way ; Alberto Bustamante Belaúnde ; Federico Salas ;
Vice President	See list First Vice Presidents ; Máximo San Román; (1990–1992) ; Vacant; (1992–1995) ; Ricardo Márquez Flores; (1995–2000) ; Francisco Tudela; (July–November 2000) ; Second Vice Presidents ; Carlos García y García; (1990–1992) ; Vacant; (1992–1995) ; César Paredes Canto; (1995–2000) ; Ricardo Márquez Flores; (July–November 2000) ;
Preceded by	Alan García
Succeeded by	Valentín Paniagua
President of the Emergency and National Reconstruction Government
	In office; 5 April 1992 – 9 January 1993
Preceded by	Post established
Succeeded by	Post abolished
Personal details
Born	Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto; 26 July 1938 (age 85); Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
Nationality	Japanese-Peruvian
Political party	Popular Force (since 2024); Change 90 (1990–1998); Vamos Vecino (1998–2005); Sí Cumple (2005–2010); People's New Party (2007–2013)
Other political; affiliations	New Majority (1992–1998, non-affiliated member); Peru 2000 (1999–2001); Alliance for the Future (2005–2010); Change 21 (2018–2019)
Spouses	; Susana Higuchi (m. 1974; div. 1995) ; Satomi Kataoka (m. 2006)
Children	4, including Keiko and Kenji
Relatives	Santiago Fujimori (brother)
Education	National Agrarian University (BS); University of Strasbourg; University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (MS)
Signature
	Criminal information
Criminal status	Convicted
Criminal charge	Human rights abuses, murder, kidnapping, embezzlement, abuse of power, bribery and corruption
Penalty	25 years in prison (Human rights abuses, murder and kidnapping charges); Six years in prison (Abuse of power charges); Seven-and-a-half years in prison (Embezzlement charges); Six years in prison (Corruption and bribery charges)

Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈβeɾto ˈkeɲɟʝa fuxiˈmoɾi inoˈmoto], Japanese: 藤森謙也, Hepburn: Fujimori Kenya, Japanese pronunciation: [ɸɯʑiꜜmoɾi keꜜɰ̃ja]; born 26 July 1938) is a Peruvian former politician, professor, and engineer who served as President of Peru from 1990 to 2000. Fujimori, a Peruvian of Japanese descent, was an agricultural engineer and university rector before entering politics. Frequently described as a dictator,^[4] his tenure is marked by both significant economic reforms and severe human rights abuses.

Fujimori's tenure began with his unexpected victory in the 1990 general election. He quickly implemented neoliberal economic reforms to address hyperinflation and economic instability, which won him initial support from international financial institutions, the military and the Peruvian upper class. His administration soon became known for its authoritarian practices. In 1992, Fujimori carried out a self-coup, dissolving Congress and assuming extraordinary powers. Notably, his government was linked to forced sterilizations and the violent suppression of the Shining Path insurgency. Despite these controversies, many Peruvians view his leadership period favourably due to the perceived restoration of stability and economic growth. He was re-elected in 1995 and controversially again in 2000 amid allegations of electoral fraud.

In 2000, facing mounting allegations of widespread corruption, crimes against humanity and human rights abuses in his government, Fujimori fled to Japan. He was later arrested in Chile in 2005 and extradited to Peru, where he was tried and convicted on multiple charges, including human rights violations and embezzlement. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison but was released in December 2023 following a controversial court order. Fujimori remains a polarizing figure in Peruvian politics, with a legacy notably through his daughter Keiko Fujimori, who has run for the presidency multiple times.

He had won the Medal of Valor

^ Alberto Fujimori's Birth Certificate modified by Vladimiro Montesinos to make believe that he was Peruvian and assume the presidency
^ "Fujimori sacó DNI con fecha falsa sobre su nacimiento". La República (in Spanish). 7 March 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
^ Released on 5 December 2023.
^
- Burt, Jo-Marie; Youngers, Coletta A. (2010). "Peruvian precedent: the Fujimori conviction and the ongoing struggle for justice". NACLA Report on the Americas. 43 (2): 6. doi:10.1080/10714839.2010.11722203. S2CID 157981443. Peru's vibrant human rights community, which fought tirelessly to confront impunity, end the Fujimori dictatorship
- Contesse, Jorge (July 2019). "Inter-American Court of Human Rights – presidential pardon – anti-impunity – conventionality control". American Journal of International Law. 113 (3): 568. doi:10.1017/ajil.2019.28. S2CID 199175644. the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court) ordered Peru to review the presidential pardon granted to former president and dictator Alberto Fujimori
- Dzero, Irina (Summer 2016). "La fiesta del Chivo, novel and film: on the transition to democracy in Latin America". Latin American Research Review. 51 (3): 85–100. doi:10.1353/lar.2016.0035. S2CID 152210483. the dictator Fujimori fled
- Brickner, Rachel K. (2006). "Assessing Fujimori's Peru". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 (2): 160. Fujimori's rule as a dictator lasted for nearly ten years
- Frantz, Erica; Geddes, Barbara (April 2016). "The legacy of dictatorship for democratic parties in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 8 (1). German Institute for Global and Area Studies: 3–32. doi:10.1177/1866802X1600800101. S2CID 55466885. in Peru the first dictatorial support party was created by General Manuel Odria ... and the second completely different one by President Alberto Fujimori
- Lesser, Jeffrey; Hu-DeHart, Evelyn; Lopez-Calvo, Ignacio (Fall 2017). "Why Asia and Latin America?". Verge: Studies in Global Asias. 3 (2): 1. doi:10.5749/vergstudglobasia.3.2.0001. S2CID 166028670. former Peruvian dictator Alberto Fujimori often dressed as a samurai and as an Inca as part of his campaign publicity
- Collyns, Dan (3 June 2021). "Leftist teacher takes on dictator's daughter as Peru picks new president". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.

[birth_certificate-1] Alberto Fujimori's Birth Certificate modified by Vladimiro Montesinos to make believe that he was Peruvian and assume the presidency

[2] "Fujimori sacó DNI con fecha falsa sobre su nacimiento". La República (in Spanish). 7 March 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2024.

[3] Released on 5 December 2023.

[Multi12-4] 
Burt, Jo-Marie; Youngers, Coletta A. (2010). "Peruvian precedent: the Fujimori conviction and the ongoing struggle for justice". NACLA Report on the Americas. 43 (2): 6. doi:10.1080/10714839.2010.11722203. S2CID 157981443. Peru's vibrant human rights community, which fought tirelessly to confront impunity, end the Fujimori dictatorship

Contesse, Jorge (July 2019). "Inter-American Court of Human Rights – presidential pardon – anti-impunity – conventionality control". American Journal of International Law. 113 (3): 568. doi:10.1017/ajil.2019.28. S2CID 199175644. the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court) ordered Peru to review the presidential pardon granted to former president and dictator Alberto Fujimori

Dzero, Irina (Summer 2016). "La fiesta del Chivo, novel and film: on the transition to democracy in Latin America". Latin American Research Review. 51 (3): 85–100. doi:10.1353/lar.2016.0035. S2CID 152210483. the dictator Fujimori fled

Brickner, Rachel K. (2006). "Assessing Fujimori's Peru". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 (2): 160. Fujimori's rule as a dictator lasted for nearly ten years

Frantz, Erica; Geddes, Barbara (April 2016). "The legacy of dictatorship for democratic parties in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 8 (1). German Institute for Global and Area Studies: 3–32. doi:10.1177/1866802X1600800101. S2CID 55466885. in Peru the first dictatorial support party was created by General Manuel Odria ... and the second completely different one by President Alberto Fujimori

Lesser, Jeffrey; Hu-DeHart, Evelyn; Lopez-Calvo, Ignacio (Fall 2017). "Why Asia and Latin America?". Verge: Studies in Global Asias. 3 (2): 1. doi:10.5749/vergstudglobasia.3.2.0001. S2CID 166028670. former Peruvian dictator Alberto Fujimori often dressed as a samurai and as an Inca as part of his campaign publicity

Collyns, Dan (3 June 2021). "Leftist teacher takes on dictator's daughter as Peru picks new president". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.

[5] Burt, Jo-Marie; Youngers, Coletta A. (2010). "Peruvian precedent: the Fujimori conviction and the ongoing struggle for justice". NACLA Report on the Americas. 43 (2): 6. doi:10.1080/10714839.2010.11722203. S2CID 157981443. Peru's vibrant human rights community, which fought tirelessly to confront impunity, end the Fujimori dictatorship

[6] Contesse, Jorge (July 2019). "Inter-American Court of Human Rights – presidential pardon – anti-impunity – conventionality control". American Journal of International Law. 113 (3): 568. doi:10.1017/ajil.2019.28. S2CID 199175644. the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court) ordered Peru to review the presidential pardon granted to former president and dictator Alberto Fujimori

[7] Dzero, Irina (Summer 2016). "La fiesta del Chivo, novel and film: on the transition to democracy in Latin America". Latin American Research Review. 51 (3): 85–100. doi:10.1353/lar.2016.0035. S2CID 152210483. the dictator Fujimori fled

[8] Brickner, Rachel K. (2006). "Assessing Fujimori's Peru". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 (2): 160. Fujimori's rule as a dictator lasted for nearly ten years

[9] Frantz, Erica; Geddes, Barbara (April 2016). "The legacy of dictatorship for democratic parties in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 8 (1). German Institute for Global and Area Studies: 3–32. doi:10.1177/1866802X1600800101. S2CID 55466885. in Peru the first dictatorial support party was created by General Manuel Odria ... and the second completely different one by President Alberto Fujimori

[10] Lesser, Jeffrey; Hu-DeHart, Evelyn; Lopez-Calvo, Ignacio (Fall 2017). "Why Asia and Latin America?". Verge: Studies in Global Asias. 3 (2): 1. doi:10.5749/vergstudglobasia.3.2.0001. S2CID 166028670. former Peruvian dictator Alberto Fujimori often dressed as a samurai and as an Inca as part of his campaign publicity

[11] Collyns, Dan (3 June 2021). "Leftist teacher takes on dictator's daughter as Peru picks new president". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.

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