Alexander Arbuthnot may refer to:
- Alexander Arbuthnot (poet) (1538–1583), Scottish poet and Principal of King's College, Aberdeen
- Alexander Arbuthnot (printer) (died 1585), printer in Edinburgh, Scotland
- Alexander Arbuthnot (politician) (1654–1705), Scottish politician
- Alexander Arbuthnot (Baron of Exchequer) (1674–1721), a.k.a. Alexander Maitland, Scottish politician
- Alexander Arbuthnot (bishop) (1768–1828), Irish Bishop of Killaloe
- Alexander Dundas Young Arbuthnott (1789–1871), British naval officer
- Alexander John Arbuthnot (1822–1907), British official and writer