Allegheny Front

Allegheny Front
Dans Mountain, part of the Allegheny Front in Maryland
Highest point
PeakMount Porte Crayon, Randolph/Pendleton Co. border, West Virginia
Elevation4,774 ft (1,455 m)
Coordinates38°55′44″N 79°27′22″W / 38.92889°N 79.45611°W / 38.92889; -79.45611
Geography
The Allegheny Front is west of the Cumberland Valley and is part of the Appalachian escarpment extending between the Helderberg Escarpment in New York to Walden Ridge in Tennessee.
CountryUnited States
States
  • Pennsylvania
  • Maryland
  • West Virginia
  • Virginia
Range coordinates39°04′23″N 79°17′53″W / 39.07306°N 79.29806°W / 39.07306; -79.29806
Parent rangeAllegheny Mountains of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
Geology
OrogenyAlleghenian orogeny

The Allegheny Front is the major southeast- or east-facing escarpment in the Allegheny Mountains in southern Pennsylvania, western Maryland, eastern West Virginia, and western Virginia. The Allegheny Front forms the boundary between the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians to its east and the Appalachian Plateau (locally called the Allegheny Plateau) to its west. The Front is closely associated with the Appalachian Mountains' Eastern Continental Divide, which in this area divides the waters of the Ohio/Mississippi river system, flowing to the Gulf of Mexico, from rivers flowing into Chesapeake Bay and from there into the Atlantic Ocean.

The Allegheny Front and the Eastern Continental Divide do not always coincide; for example, the North Branch of the Potomac River begins well west of the Front, at the Fairfax Stone near the southwestern tip of Maryland, about 10 miles (16 km) and across the actual divide from the headwaters of the Youghiogheny River draining northwards into the Monongahela and Ohio rivers.

The Allegheny Front is one of the windiest spots east of the Mississippi, leading to the recent establishment of wind farming there.[citation needed]

This profile of the Allegheny Portage Railroad crossing the Allegheny Front gives perspective on how the front formed the final barrier range preventing easy settlement of the colonial and post-Revolutionary-War West (today's Midwest). Note the upland nature of the western side of the front, the Allegheny Plateau.