Allen Ginsberg

For the American businessman, see Alan Ginsburg. For the serial killer who was born Allen Ginsberg, see William MacDonald (serial killer).

Allen Ginsberg
Ginsberg in 1979
Ginsberg in 1979
BornIrwin Allen Ginsberg
(1926-06-03)June 3, 1926
Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedApril 5, 1997(1997-04-05) (aged 70)
New York City, U.S.
OccupationWriter, poet
EducationMontclair State University
Columbia University (BA)
University of California, Berkeley
Literary movementBeat literature
Confessional poetry
Notable awardsNational Book Award (1974)
Robert Frost Medal (1986)
PartnerPeter Orlovsky (1954–1997)
Signature

Irwin Allen Ginsberg (/ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer. As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with Lucien Carr, William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Generation. He vigorously opposed militarism, economic materialism, and sexual repression, and he embodied various aspects of this counterculture with his views on drugs, sex, multiculturalism, hostility to bureaucracy, and openness to Eastern religions.[1][2]

Best known for his poem "Howl", Ginsberg denounced what he saw as the destructive forces of capitalism and conformity in the United States.[3][4] San Francisco police and US Customs seized copies of "Howl" in 1956, and a subsequent obscenity trial in 1957 attracted widespread publicity due to the poem's language and descriptions of heterosexual and homosexual sex at a time when sodomy laws made (male) homosexual acts a crime in every state.[5][6] The poem reflected Ginsberg's own sexuality and his relationships with a number of men, including Peter Orlovsky, his lifelong partner.[7] Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled that "Howl" was not obscene, asking: "Would there be any freedom of press or speech if one must reduce his vocabulary to vapid innocuous euphemisms?"[8]

Ginsberg was a Buddhist who extensively studied Eastern religious disciplines. He lived modestly, buying his clothing in second-hand stores and residing in apartments in New York City's East Village.[9] One of his most influential teachers was Tibetan Buddhist Chögyam Trungpa, the founder of the Naropa Institute in Boulder, Colorado.[10] At Trungpa's urging, Ginsberg and poet Anne Waldman started The Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics there in 1974.[11]

For decades, Ginsberg was active in political protests across a range of issues from the Vietnam War to the war on drugs.[12] His poem "September on Jessore Road" drew attention to refugees fleeing the 1971 Bangladeshi genocide, exemplifying what literary critic Helen Vendler described as Ginsberg's persistent opposition to "imperial politics" and the "persecution of the powerless".[13] His collection The Fall of America shared the annual National Book Award for Poetry in 1974.[14] In 1979, he received the National Arts Club gold medal and was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[15] He was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1995 for his book Cosmopolitan Greetings: Poems 1986–1992.[16]

  1. ^ "Ginsberg, Allen (1926–1997)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  2. ^ Ginsberg, Allen (July 1, 2009). Howl, Kaddish and Other Poems. London: Penguin Books Ltd. p. 0. ISBN 978-0-14-119016-7.
  3. ^ Ginsberg, Allen (March 20, 2001). Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995. New York: HarperCollins. p. xx–xxi. ISBN 978-0-06-093081-3.
  4. ^ "About Allen Ginsberg". PBS. December 29, 2002.
  5. ^ Jones, Derek, ed. (2015). Censorship: a world encyclopedia. Volume 1–4. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. p. 955. ISBN 978-1-135-00400-2. OCLC 910523065.
  6. ^ Collins, Ronald K. L.; Skover, David (2019). The People v. Ferlinghetti: The Fight to Publish Allen Ginsberg's Howl. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-5381-2590-8.
  7. ^ Kramer, Jane (1968). Allen Ginsberg in America. New York: Random House. pp. 43–46. ISBN 978-1-299-40095-5.
  8. ^ de Grazia, Edward (March 2, 1993). Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius. New York: Random House. p. 338. ISBN 978-0-679-74341-5.
  9. ^ "Allen Ginsberg Project – Bio". allenginsberg.org. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  10. ^ Miles 2001, pp. 440–444
  11. ^ Miles 2001, pp. 454–455
  12. ^ Ginsberg, Allen, Deliberate Prose, the foreword by Edward Sanders, p. xxi.
  13. ^ Vendler, Helen (January 13, 1986), "Books: A Lifelong Poem Including History", The New Yorker, p. 81.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference nba1974 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Miles 2001, p. 484
  16. ^ "The Pulitzer Prizes | Poetry". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved October 31, 2010.