Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome

Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome
Other namesAHS
Allopurinol
SymptomsFever, Cutaneous Reaction, Eosinophilia, Acute Renal Failure.[1]
TreatmentSystematic Corticosteroids.[2]
FrequencyRare

Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) typically occurs in persons with preexisting kidney failure.[3]: 119  Weeks to months after allopurinol is begun, the patient develops a morbilliform eruption[3]: 119  or, less commonly, develops one of the far more serious and potentially lethal severe cutaneous adverse reactions viz., the DRESS syndrome, Stevens Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis.[4] About 1 in 1000 patients receiving allopurinol are affected, and mortality rates have been reported to be between 20% and 25%.[5]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference How to prevent allopurinol was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Yaseen Auguste Zipursky 2023 pp. E483–E483 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  4. ^ Wang CW, Dao RL, Chung WH (August 2016). "Immunopathogenesis and risk factors for allopurinol severe cutaneous adverse reactions". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 16 (4): 339–45. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000286. PMID 27362322. S2CID 9183824.
  5. ^ Khanna, Dinesh; Fitzgerald, John D.; Khanna, Puja P.; Bae, Sangmee; Singh, Manjit K.; Neogi, Tuhina; Pillinger, Michael H.; Merill, Joan; Lee, Susan; Prakash, Shraddha; Kaldas, Marian; Gogia, Maneesh; Perez-Ruiz, Fernando; Taylor, Will; Lioté, Frédéric; Choi, Hyon; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Dalbeth, Nicola; Kaplan, Sanford; Niyyar, Vandana; Jones, Danielle; Yarows, Steven A.; Roessler, Blake; Kerr, Gail; King, Charles; Levy, Gerald; Furst, Daniel E.; Edwards, N. Lawrence; Mandell, Brian; Schumacher, H. Ralph; Robbins, Mark; Wenger, Neil; Terkeltaub, Robert (September 28, 2012). "2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia". Arthritis Care & Research. 64 (10). Wiley: 1431–1446. doi:10.1002/acr.21772. hdl:2027.42/93740. ISSN 2151-464X. PMID 23024028. S2CID 16853635.