Israeli settlement movement
Amana ('Covenant') is an Israeli settlement movement formed by Gush Emunim in 1976.[ 1] [ 2] Its primary goal was "developing communities in Judea , Samaria , the Golan Heights , the Galilee , the Negev and Gush Katif ."[ 3] The initial communities it developed were Ofra , Mevo Modi'in , Kedumim , and Ma'aleh Adumim .[ 3] Settlements developed in the West Bank , including East Jerusalem , are illegal under international law .[ 4]
It became a registered association in 1978.[ 5] [ 6] It was also recognized by the World Zionist Organization .[ 7] Over time, it became nearly independent of Gush Emunim.[ 8]
An investigation by the Israeli police into 15 land deals conducted by the Amana subsidiary Al Watan concluded early in 2016 that 14 of the transactions were fraudulent.[ 9] One method used involved giving a suitcase full of cash to a fake Palestinian owner and taking it back afterwards.[ 9] Al Watan denied the charges.[ 9] Amana has provided financial support to illegal Israeli outposts in the West Bank.[ 10]
On 27 June 2024, Canada imposed sanctions on the Amana movement "for their role in facilitating, supporting or financially contributing to acts of violence ... against Palestinian civilians and their property".[ 11]
^ Goldberg, Giora (1993). Ben-Zadok, Efraim (ed.). Gush Emunim New Settlements in the West Bank: From Social Movement to Regional Interest Group . SUNY series in Israeli studies. SUNY Press . p. 199. ISBN 9780791415610 . Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2011 .
^ Myron J. Aronoff (1989). Israeli Visions and Divisions . Transaction Publishers. p. 83 . ISBN 9780887382550 . Retrieved November 18, 2011 . amana settlement movement.
^ a b "אמנה - תנועת ההתיישבות - about us" . Amana.co.il. Archived from the original on October 22, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011 .
^ "The Geneva Convention" . BBC News . 10 December 2009. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2010 .
^ Yishai, Yael (1987). Land or peace: whither Israel? . Hoover Press publication, Volume 352. Hoover Press . p. 120. ISBN 9780817985233 . Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2011 .
^ Kass, Ilana; O'Neill, Bard E. (1997). The deadly embrace: the impact of Israeli and Palestinian rejectionism on the peace process . University Press of America . ISBN 9780761805359 . Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2011 .
^ Kellerman, Aharon (1993). Society and settlement: Jewish land of Israel in the twentieth century . SUNY Press. p. 93 . Retrieved 18 November 2011 . amana settlement movement
^ Gideon, Aran (1994). Marty, Martin E.; Appleby, R. Scott (eds.). Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism: The Bloc of the Faithful in Israel (Gush Emunim) . The Fundamentalism Project. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . p. 282. ISBN 9780226508788 . Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2011 .
^ a b c Levinson, Chaim (1 February 2016). "Almost All West Bank Land Deals for Illegal Settlements Forged, Investigation Finds" . Haaretz . Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2016 .
^ Tacchi, Jake; Al-Qattan, Ziad; Nader, Emir; Cassel, Matthew (2024-09-02). "Israeli outpost settlers rapidly seizing West Bank land" . BBC News . Retrieved 2024-09-03 .
^ Tibon, Amir; Peleg, Bar; Breiner, Josh (June 27, 2024). "Canada Imposes Sanctions on Prominent Israeli Settler Leaders, Organizations in West Bank" . Haaretz . Retrieved June 28, 2024 .